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Integrating molecular and physiological approaches to quantify genetic controls for wheat development and improve phenotyping.

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Τίτλος: Integrating molecular and physiological approaches to quantify genetic controls for wheat development and improve phenotyping.
Συγγραφείς: Brown H; The New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Christchurch 7608, New Zealand., McCallum J; The New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Christchurch 7608, New Zealand.; Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand., Johnston P; The New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Christchurch 7608, New Zealand., Pither-Joyce M; The New Zealand Institute for Bioeconomy Science, Christchurch 7608, New Zealand., Macknight R; Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand., Huth N; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Forest Hill, Queensland 4342, Australia., Moot D; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury 7647, New Zealand., Zheng B; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia., Zhao Z; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia., Hunt J; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia., Wang E; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.
Πηγή: Journal of experimental botany [J Exp Bot] 2026 Sep 16; Vol. 77 (17), pp. 5874-5889.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9882906 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1460-2431 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00220957 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Exp Bot Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Triticum*/genetics , Triticum*/growth & development , Triticum*/physiology , Plant Proteins*/genetics , Plant Proteins*/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant*, Flowers/genetics ; Flowers/growth & development ; Flowers/physiology ; Plant Leaves/growth & development ; Plant Leaves/genetics ; Plant Leaves/physiology ; Phenotype ; Photoperiod ; Temperature ; Genotype ; Gene Expression Profiling
Περίληψη: Disentangling genotype×environment (G×E) controls of flowering time requires phenotypes that link molecular regulation, developmental physiology, and environment. Here, we integrated time-resolved measurements of apical development, final leaf number, and expression of the flowering-time genes VRN1, VRN2, and VRN3 across contrasting temperature and photoperiod regimes in six wheat genotypes spanning a wide range of developmental sensitivities. By combining controlled-environment phenotyping with concurrent gene-expression profiling, we show that environmentally driven variation in final leaf number is coherently explained by shifts in the timing of key apical transitions and associated VRN gene-expression dynamics. These integrated datasets were used to parameterize and interrogate the Cereal Anthesis Molecular Phenology (CAMP) model, enabling direct comparison between observed foliar gene-expression time courses and modelled gene activity. While overall developmental responses were well captured by the model, systematic differences between observed and modelled gene-expression patterns highlight the importance of distinguishing foliar expression from apical regulatory activity, as well as differences in temporal scaling. Building on this framework, we present a phenotyping protocol based on final leaf number responses to defined temperature and photoperiod treatments that delivers unconfounded developmental phenotypes explicitly linked to underlying genetic regulation.
(© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.
References: New Phytol. 2026 Feb;249(3):1373-1388. (PMID: 41108574)
Clin Chem. 2009 Apr;55(4):611-22. (PMID: 19246619)
Ann Bot. 2013 Dec;112(9):1683-703. (PMID: 24220102)
Development. 2019 Feb 15;146(3):. (PMID: 30770359)
Theor Appl Genet. 2008 Feb;116(3):383-94. (PMID: 18040656)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Aug;40(15):e115. (PMID: 22730293)
Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1640-4. (PMID: 15016992)
BMC Mol Biol. 2009 Feb 20;10:11. (PMID: 19232096)
J Exp Bot. 2019 Apr 29;70(9):2449-2462. (PMID: 30785619)
Plant J. 2008 Aug;55(4):543-54. (PMID: 18433437)
Plant J. 2009 May;58(4):668-81. (PMID: 19175767)
Mol Genet Genomics. 2010 Mar;283(3):223-32. (PMID: 20063107)
Plant J. 2011 Sep;67(5):763-73. (PMID: 21554456)
Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Mar;60(4):469-80. (PMID: 16525885)
PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33234. (PMID: 22457747)
Plant Physiol. 2016 Jan;170(1):325-37. (PMID: 26556793)
Planta. 2011 Jan;233(1):163-73. (PMID: 20960006)
PLoS Genet. 2012;8(12):e1003134. (PMID: 23271982)
Mol Genet Genomics. 2005 Mar;273(1):54-65. (PMID: 15690172)
Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Aug;12(8):352-7. (PMID: 17629542)
Plant J. 2012 Jul;71(1):71-84. (PMID: 22372488)
Theor Appl Genet. 2014 May;127(5):1183-97. (PMID: 24626953)
Elife. 2019 Jan 08;8:. (PMID: 30618375)
Genes Genet Syst. 2012;87(3):161-8. (PMID: 22976391)
J Exp Bot. 2012 Jan;63(2):847-57. (PMID: 21994169)
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 19;103(51):19581-6. (PMID: 17158798)
J Exp Bot. 2009;60(7):2169-78. (PMID: 19357429)
J Exp Bot. 2019 Apr 29;70(9):2389-2401. (PMID: 30921457)
Theor Appl Genet. 2007 Sep;115(5):721-33. (PMID: 17634915)
Grant Information: New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Capability Fund; ULA00011 Grains Research and Development Corporation
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Triticum aestivum; VRN genes; Final leaf number; flowering time; gene expression; phenology; photoperiod; vernalization
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Plant Proteins)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260606 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260917
Update Code: 20260917
PubMed Central ID: PMC13577759
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erag278
PMID: 42249571
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Integrating molecular and physiological approaches to quantify genetic controls for wheat development and improve phenotyping.
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  Data: Disentangling genotype×environment (G×E) controls of flowering time requires phenotypes that link molecular regulation, developmental physiology, and environment. Here, we integrated time-resolved measurements of apical development, final leaf number, and expression of the flowering-time genes VRN1, VRN2, and VRN3 across contrasting temperature and photoperiod regimes in six wheat genotypes spanning a wide range of developmental sensitivities. By combining controlled-environment phenotyping with concurrent gene-expression profiling, we show that environmentally driven variation in final leaf number is coherently explained by shifts in the timing of key apical transitions and associated VRN gene-expression dynamics. These integrated datasets were used to parameterize and interrogate the Cereal Anthesis Molecular Phenology (CAMP) model, enabling direct comparison between observed foliar gene-expression time courses and modelled gene activity. While overall developmental responses were well captured by the model, systematic differences between observed and modelled gene-expression patterns highlight the importance of distinguishing foliar expression from apical regulatory activity, as well as differences in temporal scaling. Building on this framework, we present a phenotyping protocol based on final leaf number responses to defined temperature and photoperiod treatments that delivers unconfounded developmental phenotypes explicitly linked to underlying genetic regulation.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.)
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Conflict of interest: The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.
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  Data: New Phytol. 2026 Feb;249(3):1373-1388. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241108574%22">41108574)</searchLink><br />Clin Chem. 2009 Apr;55(4):611-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219246619%22">19246619)</searchLink><br />Ann Bot. 2013 Dec;112(9):1683-703. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224220102%22">24220102)</searchLink><br />Development. 2019 Feb 15;146(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230770359%22">30770359)</searchLink><br />Theor Appl Genet. 2008 Feb;116(3):383-94. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218040656%22">18040656)</searchLink><br />Nucleic Acids Res. 2012 Aug;40(15):e115. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222730293%22">22730293)</searchLink><br />Science. 2004 Mar 12;303(5664):1640-4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215016992%22">15016992)</searchLink><br />BMC Mol Biol. 2009 Feb 20;10:11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219232096%22">19232096)</searchLink><br />J Exp Bot. 2019 Apr 29;70(9):2449-2462. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230785619%22">30785619)</searchLink><br />Plant J. 2008 Aug;55(4):543-54. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218433437%22">18433437)</searchLink><br />Plant J. 2009 May;58(4):668-81. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219175767%22">19175767)</searchLink><br />Mol Genet Genomics. 2010 Mar;283(3):223-32. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220063107%22">20063107)</searchLink><br />Plant J. 2011 Sep;67(5):763-73. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221554456%22">21554456)</searchLink><br />Plant Mol Biol. 2006 Mar;60(4):469-80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216525885%22">16525885)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33234. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222457747%22">22457747)</searchLink><br />Plant Physiol. 2016 Jan;170(1):325-37. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226556793%22">26556793)</searchLink><br />Planta. 2011 Jan;233(1):163-73. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220960006%22">20960006)</searchLink><br />PLoS Genet. 2012;8(12):e1003134. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223271982%22">23271982)</searchLink><br />Mol Genet Genomics. 2005 Mar;273(1):54-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215690172%22">15690172)</searchLink><br />Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Aug;12(8):352-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217629542%22">17629542)</searchLink><br />Plant J. 2012 Jul;71(1):71-84. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222372488%22">22372488)</searchLink><br />Theor Appl Genet. 2014 May;127(5):1183-97. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224626953%22">24626953)</searchLink><br />Elife. 2019 Jan 08;8:. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230618375%22">30618375)</searchLink><br />Genes Genet Syst. 2012;87(3):161-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222976391%22">22976391)</searchLink><br />J Exp Bot. 2012 Jan;63(2):847-57. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221994169%22">21994169)</searchLink><br />Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Dec 19;103(51):19581-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217158798%22">17158798)</searchLink><br />J Exp Bot. 2009;60(7):2169-78. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219357429%22">19357429)</searchLink><br />J Exp Bot. 2019 Apr 29;70(9):2389-2401. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230921457%22">30921457)</searchLink><br />Theor Appl Genet. 2007 Sep;115(5):721-33. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217634915%22">17634915)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Triticum aestivum; VRN genes; Final leaf number; flowering time; gene expression; phenology; photoperiod; vernalization
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      – SubjectFull: Flowers genetics
        Type: general
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