Academic Journal
Optimized probe-ultrasound-assisted extraction of Chlorogenic acids from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by-products: Unlocking the phenolic and antioxidant potential of Calyx and leaves.
| Τίτλος: | Optimized probe-ultrasound-assisted extraction of Chlorogenic acids from eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) by-products: Unlocking the phenolic and antioxidant potential of Calyx and leaves. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Martínez-García I; Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación de Tecnologías para la Sostenibilidad. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.; Section of Food, Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy., Varfaj I; Section of Morphological Biomolecular Nutraceutical and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy., Bartolini D; Section of Morphological Biomolecular Nutraceutical and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy., Ianni F; Section of Food, Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.. Electronic address: federica.ianni@unipg.it., Morante-Zarcero S; Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: sonia.morante@urjc.es., Sierra I; Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, E.S.C.E.T, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación de Tecnologías para la Sostenibilidad. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain., Cossignani L; Section of Food, Biochemical, Physiological and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy. |
| Πηγή: | Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2026 Aug 30; Vol. 521, pp. 149866. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 29. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Evaluation Study |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Solanum melongena*/chemistry , Chlorogenic Acid*/isolation & purification , Chlorogenic Acid*/chemistry , Chlorogenic Acid*/analysis , Antioxidants*/isolation & purification , Antioxidants*/chemistry , Antioxidants*/pharmacology , Plant Extracts*/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts*/chemistry , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Phenols*/isolation & purification , Phenols*/chemistry , Chemical Fractionation*/methods , Chemical Fractionation*/instrumentation, Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Flowers/chemistry ; Fruit/chemistry ; Humans ; Caco-2 Cells ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid |
| Περίληψη: | Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) processing produces large amounts of mostly unexploited by-products, despite their richness in bioactive compounds. These residues represent promising sources of functional ingredients for nutraceutical, food, and pharmaceutical applications. Among eggplant metabolites, phenolic compounds, particularly chlorogenic acids (caffeoylquinic acids, CQAs), stand out for their health-promoting properties. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of eggplant pulp, peel, calyx, and leaves as sources of phenolic compounds, with emphasis on CQAs. Non-conventional extraction techniques, including microwave- and ultrasound (bath- and probe)-assisted extraction were compared and optimized through a Design of Experiments to maximize 5-CQA (chlorogenic acid) recovery while minimizing isomer degradation. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated through spectrophotometric assays, and cytotoxicity was assessed in Caco-2 cells to determine extract functionality and safety. Polyphenol profiles were determined by HPLC-PDA and tentatively identified by UHPLC-HRMS/MS based on HRMS/MS databases. The stability of 5-CQA and its main isomers was monitored over four weeks, supporting the valorization of eggplant by-products. (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Chlorogenic acids; Eggplant by-products; In vitro assays; Liquid chromatography; Non-conventional extractions; Process sustainability |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 318ADP12RI (Chlorogenic Acid) 0 (Antioxidants) 0 (Plant Extracts) 0 (Phenols) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260605 Date Completed: 20260703 Latest Revision: 20260703 |
| Update Code: | 20260703 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.149866 |
| PMID: | 42248026 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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