Academic Journal
Pooled versus individual sand fly PCR: insights into vector-related seasonal and reproductive drivers of Leishmania infection.
| Τίτλος: | Pooled versus individual sand fly PCR: insights into vector-related seasonal and reproductive drivers of Leishmania infection. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Jumakanova Z; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain., Manchón M; Centro Veterinario San Francisco de Asís, Carrer Bolivia, 6, 03330 Crevillent, Alicante, Spain., Risueño J; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain., Muñoz C; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.; Grupo de Investigación Sanidad y Biotecnología (SaBio), Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC, CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real 13005, Spain., Ortuño M; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, Guadalupe, Murcia 30107, Spain., Bernal LJ; Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain., Pérez-Cutillas P; Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Letras, Universidad de Murcia. Campus de la Merced, Murcia 30001, Spain., Kasap OE; Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye., Alten B; Department of Biology, Ecology Section, Faculty of Science, VERG Laboratories, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye., Berriatua E; Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.. Electronic address: berriatu@um.es. |
| Πηγή: | Acta tropica [Acta Trop] 2026 Aug; Vol. 280, pp. 108165. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 03. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0370374 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-6254 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0001706X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Trop Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Original Publication: Basel. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Phlebotomus*/parasitology , Phlebotomus*/physiology , Leishmania infantum*/isolation & purification , Leishmania infantum*/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction*/methods , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction*/methods , Insect Vectors*/parasitology, Animals ; Female ; Seasons ; Pooled Testing ; Male |
| Περίληψη: | Understanding temporal patterns of Leishmania infection in sand fly populations is essential for assessing transmission risk and improving surveillance and control in endemic regions. This study investigated infection dynamics in natural populations of Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus ariasi, two established vectors of Leishmania infantum in the western Mediterranean and evaluated the utility of pooled sampling for vector surveillance. Sand flies were tested for Leishmania infection using a TaqMan real-time kinetoplast PCR either individually or in pools. Infection rates from pooled samples were estimated using maximum likelihood methods and analyzed alongside individual infection data using mixed-effects regression models to assess the influence of seasonality and female reproductive status on infection probability. Both individual and pooled analyses showed similar seasonal trends. Infection probability peaked in late summer, likely reflecting high parasite prevalence in reservoir hosts, and was highest in gravid females, suggesting cumulative parasite acquisition as sand flies age and complete successive gonotrophic cycles. Individual testing, although more resource-intensive, provided additional resolution by revealing species-specific patterns, with P. ariasi exhibiting higher infection rates than P. perniciosus, offering a deeper understanding of parasite circulation and species-specific infection patterns. We conclude that pooled sampling combined with appropriate statistical modelling can reliably capture seasonal infection patterns. Integrating reproductive status indicators with molecular surveillance represents a novel approach to refine transmission risk assessments and support more targeted and effective vector monitoring strategies in Leishmaniosis-endemic regions. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest None declared. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Gravid; Leishmania; Phlebotomus; Pooled PCR; Seasonality; Surveillance |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260604 Date Completed: 20260715 Latest Revision: 20260715 |
| Update Code: | 20260715 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.108165 |
| PMID: | 42242407 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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