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Characterization and calibration of a portable HPGe detector for in situ gamma-ray spectrometry using large-sized calibration pads.

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Τίτλος: Characterization and calibration of a portable HPGe detector for in situ gamma-ray spectrometry using large-sized calibration pads.
Συγγραφείς: Yücel H; Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Medical Physics Department, Beşevler 10. Yıl Campus, Beşevler, 06100 Ankara, Türkiye., Özgür M; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) - Nuclear Energy Research Institute (NUKEN), Ankara Sarayköy Campus, Saray Mah. Atom Cad. No:27, Kahramankazan, 06980 Ankara, Türkiye., Dikmen H; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) - Nuclear Energy Research Institute (NUKEN), Ankara Sarayköy Campus, Saray Mah. Atom Cad. No:27, Kahramankazan, 06980 Ankara, Türkiye.
Πηγή: Radiation protection dosimetry [Radiat Prot Dosimetry] 2026 Sep 22; Vol. 202 (15), pp. 1163-1179.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8109958 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1742-3406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01448420 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Radiat Prot Dosimetry Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2004- : Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Ashford, Kent : Nuclear Technology Pub., c1981-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Germanium*/analysis , Germanium*/chemistry , Radiation Monitoring*/instrumentation , Radiation Monitoring*/methods , Thorium*/analysis , Uranium*/analysis , Potassium Radioisotopes*/analysis , Soil Pollutants, Radioactive*/analysis, Spectrometry, Gamma/instrumentation ; Spectrometry, Gamma/methods ; Construction Materials/analysis ; Calibration ; Monte Carlo Method ; Equipment Design ; Gamma Rays
Περίληψη: For in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy, a study was performed for characterization of a portable high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector utilizing four large-sized concrete pads, which were already used for the calibration of airborne gamma-ray detectors. Each of the four concrete pads contains the known concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K, including one so-called 'blank pad', which contains background activity. An efficiency transfer method has been adopted to calibrate the present HPGe detector using small-volume International Atomic Enery Agency (IAEA)-certified RGU-1, RGTh-1, and RGK-1 certified materials. To this end, each of four concrete calibration pads, having dimensions of (8 × 8 × 0.375) m, was marked by meshing into (1 × 1) m grids to enable determining activity in measurement positions. Then, the measurements were carried out in 49 positions on each calibration pad by using a 40% relative efficiency HPGe detector. The experimental efficiency values of this detector were also compared with Monte Carlo simulation results. As a result, the activity concentrations determined in this study showed good agreement with the declared activity values for 40K and 232Th contained in the calibration pads reported by MTA; however, the results for 238U exhibited a discrepancy of ~10% from the declared value. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed calibration methodology in real environmental conditions, additional in situ measurements were carried out on the soil at the Sarayköy site of NÜKEN. The obtained activity concentrations were compared with those obtained from laboratory gamma spectrometric analyses for soil samples taken from the same locations. The study indicates that if large-sized calibration pads are used for the characterization of a portable in situ HPGe detector, thereby enabling accurate in situ gamma-ray spectrometric assessments.
(© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press.)
References: J Environ Radioact. 2009 Nov;100(11):935-40. (PMID: 19604609)
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2006;121(3):310-6. (PMID: 16632586)
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Feb;68(2):355-9. (PMID: 19892558)
Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2020 Sep 16;190(3):297-306. (PMID: 32781469)
Appl Radiat Isot. 2013 Nov;81:87-91. (PMID: 23566809)
Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Dec;68(12):2352-4. (PMID: 20537547)
Appl Radiat Isot. 2000 Mar;52(3):791-5. (PMID: 10724442)
Substance Nomenclature: 00072J7XWS (Germanium)
60YU5MIG9W (Thorium)
4OC371KSTK (Uranium)
0 (Potassium Radioisotopes)
0 (Thorium-232)
0 (Uranium-238)
0 (Soil Pollutants, Radioactive)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260604 Date Completed: 20260922 Latest Revision: 20260924
Update Code: 20260924
PubMed Central ID: PMC13595888
DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncag049
PMID: 42242382
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Characterization and calibration of a portable HPGe detector for in situ gamma-ray spectrometry using large-sized calibration pads.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yücel+H%22">Yücel H</searchLink>; Ankara University, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Medical Physics Department, Beşevler 10. Yıl Campus, Beşevler, 06100 Ankara, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Özgür+M%22">Özgür M</searchLink>; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) - Nuclear Energy Research Institute (NUKEN), Ankara Sarayköy Campus, Saray Mah. Atom Cad. No:27, Kahramankazan, 06980 Ankara, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dikmen+H%22">Dikmen H</searchLink>; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mineral Research Agency (TENMAK) - Nuclear Energy Research Institute (NUKEN), Ankara Sarayköy Campus, Saray Mah. Atom Cad. No:27, Kahramankazan, 06980 Ankara, Türkiye.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Oxford+University+Press%22">Oxford University Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>8109958 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1742-3406 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2201448420%22">01448420 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Radiat Prot Dosimetry <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Publication</i>: 2004- : Oxford, UK : Oxford University Press<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Ashford, Kent : Nuclear Technology Pub., c1981-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Germanium%22">Germanium*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Germanium+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Germanium%22">Germanium*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Germanium+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiation+Monitoring%22">Radiation Monitoring*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiation+Monitoring+instrumentation%22">instrumentation</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiation+Monitoring%22">Radiation Monitoring*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiation+Monitoring+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Thorium%22">Thorium*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Thorium+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Uranium%22">Uranium*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Uranium+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Radioisotopes%22">Potassium Radioisotopes*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Radioisotopes+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Soil+Pollutants%2C+Radioactive%22">Soil Pollutants, Radioactive*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Soil+Pollutants%2C+Radioactive+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spectrometry%2C+Gamma%22">Spectrometry, Gamma</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spectrometry%2C+Gamma+instrumentation%22">instrumentation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spectrometry%2C+Gamma%22">Spectrometry, Gamma</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spectrometry%2C+Gamma+methods%22">methods</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Construction+Materials%22">Construction Materials</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Construction+Materials+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Calibration%22">Calibration</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Monte+Carlo+Method%22">Monte Carlo Method</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Equipment+Design%22">Equipment Design</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Gamma+Rays%22">Gamma Rays</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: For in situ gamma-ray spectroscopy, a study was performed for characterization of a portable high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector utilizing four large-sized concrete pads, which were already used for the calibration of airborne gamma-ray detectors. Each of the four concrete pads contains the known concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K, including one so-called 'blank pad', which contains background activity. An efficiency transfer method has been adopted to calibrate the present HPGe detector using small-volume International Atomic Enery Agency (IAEA)-certified RGU-1, RGTh-1, and RGK-1 certified materials. To this end, each of four concrete calibration pads, having dimensions of (8 × 8 × 0.375) m, was marked by meshing into (1 × 1) m grids to enable determining activity in measurement positions. Then, the measurements were carried out in 49 positions on each calibration pad by using a 40% relative efficiency HPGe detector. The experimental efficiency values of this detector were also compared with Monte Carlo simulation results. As a result, the activity concentrations determined in this study showed good agreement with the declared activity values for 40K and 232Th contained in the calibration pads reported by MTA; however, the results for 238U exhibited a discrepancy of ~10% from the declared value. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed calibration methodology in real environmental conditions, additional in situ measurements were carried out on the soil at the Sarayköy site of NÜKEN. The obtained activity concentrations were compared with those obtained from laboratory gamma spectrometric analyses for soil samples taken from the same locations. The study indicates that if large-sized calibration pads are used for the characterization of a portable in situ HPGe detector, thereby enabling accurate in situ gamma-ray spectrometric assessments.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press.)
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  Label: References
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  Data: J Environ Radioact. 2009 Nov;100(11):935-40. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219604609%22">19604609)</searchLink><br />Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2006;121(3):310-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216632586%22">16632586)</searchLink><br />Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Feb;68(2):355-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219892558%22">19892558)</searchLink><br />Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2020 Sep 16;190(3):297-306. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232781469%22">32781469)</searchLink><br />Appl Radiat Isot. 2013 Nov;81:87-91. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223566809%22">23566809)</searchLink><br />Appl Radiat Isot. 2010 Dec;68(12):2352-4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220537547%22">20537547)</searchLink><br />Appl Radiat Isot. 2000 Mar;52(3):791-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210724442%22">10724442)</searchLink>
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  Data: 00072J7XWS (Germanium)<br />60YU5MIG9W (Thorium)<br />4OC371KSTK (Uranium)<br />0 (Potassium Radioisotopes)<br />0 (Thorium-232)<br />0 (Uranium-238)<br />0 (Soil Pollutants, Radioactive)
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        Value: 10.1093/rpd/ncag049
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 1163
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Spectrometry, Gamma instrumentation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectrometry, Gamma methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Construction Materials analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Germanium analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Germanium chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Potassium Radioisotopes analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil Pollutants, Radioactive analysis
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      – TitleFull: Characterization and calibration of a portable HPGe detector for in situ gamma-ray spectrometry using large-sized calibration pads.
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              Text: 2026 Sep 22
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