Academic Journal
Bioinformatic analysis of the glutathione S-transferase gene family in Sarcoptes scabiei and protective immunity of Delta-class SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5 in rabbits.
| Τίτλος: | Bioinformatic analysis of the glutathione S-transferase gene family in Sarcoptes scabiei and protective immunity of Delta-class SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5 in rabbits. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Xu J; Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: xujing90@sicau.edu.cn., Wang H; Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: whongmei0308@163.com., Lei B; Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: leibo630429@163.com., Bao X; Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: baoxinyv163@163.com., Gu X; Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: guxiaobin198225@126.com., Tang H; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. Electronic address: turtletang@163.com., Shi F; College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China. Electronic address: fei_shi@sicau.edu.cn., Huang X; Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China. Electronic address: 183330914@qq.com., Liang B; Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China. Electronic address: anyiliangbo@vip.126.com. |
| Πηγή: | Veterinary parasitology [Vet Parasitol] 2026 Aug; Vol. 346, pp. 110825. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 02. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7602745 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2550 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03044017 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Parasitol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Original Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Sarcoptes scabiei*/genetics , Sarcoptes scabiei*/enzymology , Sarcoptes scabiei*/immunology , Scabies*/prevention & control , Scabies*/veterinary , Scabies*/immunology , Scabies*/parasitology , Glutathione Transferase*/genetics , Glutathione Transferase*/immunology , Glutathione Transferase*/metabolism, Vaccines/immunology ; Animals ; Rabbits ; Computational Biology ; Amino Acid Sequence |
| Περίληψη: | Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are key detoxification enzymes and immune antigens in parasites. Sarcoptes scabiei has 14 GSTs in four subclasses (Delta, Mu, Kappa, Zeta), tandemly arranged in four chromosomes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed molecular weights of 22.28-43.73 kDa, isoelectric points of 4.90-8.70, and inter-subclass sequence similarity of 6.6%-21.03%. Transcriptomics and RT-qPCR showed consistent high expression of SsGSTd3, SsGSTd5, SsGSTm3, and SsGSTm4 across different host sources and stages. Since Delta GSTs are unique to S. scabiei, we expressed recombinant SsGSTd3 and SsGSTd5, and evaluated their immunoprotective effect. Western blotting confirmed the immunoreactivity of both proteins to rabbit serum; immunofluorescence showed that the SsGSTd3 localized mainly to inner organs, whereas SsGSTd5 was widely distributed within mites and possibly secreted to the host-parasite interface. Our vaccination trial demonstrated that the rSsGSTd3, rSsGSTd5, and cocktail groups showed significantly lower lesion scores and mite counts than control groups, including Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) as a negative control, Quil A as an adjuvant control, and pET-32a as an empty vector control. The mean lesion scores in three experimental groups were 2.15 ± 1.24, 1.30 ± 0.49 and 1.46 ± 0.68, respectively, whereas in three control groups, the scores were 3.77 ± 0.47, 3.08 ± 0.64 and 3.54 ± 0.52, respectively. Compared to PBS (15360 ± 4102 mites), the rSsGSTd3, rSsGSTd5, and cocktail groups had 4129 ± 1348, 2831 ± 647, and 3128 ± 1060 mites, with reduction rates of 73.12%, 81.57%, and 79.63%, respectively. All recombinant proteins induced high specific IgG titers but no significant changes in IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, or IL-13. Overall, SsGSTd5 is the most promising vaccine candidate (lowest lesion score and highest mite reduction), with protection likely mediated by humoral immunity. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Bioinformatic analysis; Glutathione S-transferases; Immunoprotection; Sarcoptes scabiei |
| Substance Nomenclature: | EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase) 0 (Vaccines) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260604 Date Completed: 20260718 Latest Revision: 20260718 |
| Update Code: | 20260719 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.vetpar.2026.110825 |
| PMID: | 42241945 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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