Academic Journal
Age at menopause, frailty, and risk of incident sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Chinese women: A longitudinal cohort study.
| Τίτλος: | Age at menopause, frailty, and risk of incident sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Chinese women: A longitudinal cohort study. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Gong X; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Liu S; The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Shen L; The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, People's Republic of China., Li Y; The Second Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, 310000, People's Republic of China., Xie W; School of General Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Cai Y; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Chen Q; The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Li X; The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Liu Z; The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Wang C; The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Gong S; Future School of Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Zhou R; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China., Zou K; Department of Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: zoukang@gmu.edu.cn., Liu X; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, 341000, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: a01882@gmu.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Maturitas [Maturitas] 2026 Aug; Vol. 211, pp. 109006. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 30. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7807333 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4111 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03785122 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Maturitas Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Limerick : Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Sarcopenia*/epidemiology , Sarcopenia*/etiology , Frailty*/epidemiology , Frailty*/complications , Menopause* , Menopause, Premature*, China/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Longitudinal Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Incidence ; Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Age Factors ; Adult ; East Asian People |
| Περίληψη: | Objectives: To investigate the independent and joint associations of menopausal status and frailty with incident sarcopenia among middle-aged and older Chinese women, and to identify potential threshold effects. Study Design: Prospective longitudinal cohort study using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2015). Main Outcome Measures: Incident sarcopenia was ascertained according to the 2025 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria. Menopausal status was categorized as premature (<40 years), early (40-44 years), normal (45-55 years), and late (>55 years). Frailty was defined by a frailty index ≥25 based on 32 health deficits. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval; restricted cubic splines and additive/multiplicative interaction analyses were employed. Results: Among 4503 women, premature menopause was independently associated with increased risk of sarcopenia (hazard ratio 1.63, 95% confidence interval 1.22-2.18). Restricted cubic spline analysis identified a critical threshold at 46 years: below this age, each additional year of delayed menopause reduced risk by 6% (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.91-0.96). Frailty was linearly associated with sarcopenia (hazard ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.69). Women with both premature menopause and frailty exhibited the highest risk (hazard ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.08-3.92). Conclusions: Menopause before age 46 represents a critical threshold for an elevated risk of sarcopenia. Premature menopause and frailty act as independent rather than synergistic risk factors. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interest. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: CHARLS; Chinese women; Frailty; Longitudinal study; Menopause; Sarcopenia |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260601 Date Completed: 20260722 Latest Revision: 20260729 |
| Update Code: | 20260729 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109006 |
| PMID: | 42224846 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-4111 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.109006 |