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The Thiol-Redox Biochemistry of Trypanosomatids: A New Perspective Based on Known and New Actors.

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Τίτλος: The Thiol-Redox Biochemistry of Trypanosomatids: A New Perspective Based on Known and New Actors.
Συγγραφείς: Comini MA; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay., Graña M; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay., Manta B; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
Πηγή: Biochemistry [Biochemistry] 2026 Jun 16; Vol. 65 (12), pp. 1873-1899. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 28.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370623 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-4995 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00062960 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biochemistry Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Washington, American Chemical Society.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Sulfhydryl Compounds*/metabolism , Sulfhydryl Compounds*/chemistry , Glutathione*/analogs & derivatives , Glutathione*/metabolism , Glutathione*/chemistry , Trypanosomatina*/metabolism , Protozoan Proteins*/metabolism , Protozoan Proteins*/chemistry, Thioredoxins/metabolism ; Thioredoxins/chemistry ; Spermidine/analogs & derivatives ; Spermidine/metabolism ; Spermidine/chemistry ; Glutaredoxins/metabolism ; Glutaredoxins/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Animals
Περίληψη: Maintaining thiol redox homeostasis is key for cell viability and development. Therefore, all organisms are equipped with redox systems conformed by redox-active proteins and low-molecular-weight thiols that facilitate target-specific delivery of electrons from NADPH to different (macro)molecules. Trypanosomatids are early branching single-cell eukaryotes harboring a unique thiol-redox system centered on the use of trypanothione (bis-glutathionylspermidine) as a low-molecular-weight thiol-redox cofactor. The irruption of trypanothione in these organisms acted as a major and positive selective pressure that shaped their redox biochemistry. The most radical changes involved the loss of otherwise highly conserved and indispensable glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase genes and the concomitant assignment of secondary roles to the related redoxins (glutaredoxins and thioredoxins). Here, we revise the state-of-the-art on the field and provide new research perspectives based on the identification of novel members of the thioredoxin-fold family.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: CXXC motif; kinetoplastids; leishmania; redoxin; thiol; thioredoxin-fold; trypanosoma; trypanothione
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Sulfhydryl Compounds)
GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)
52500-60-4 (Thioredoxins)
U87FK77H25 (Spermidine)
96304-42-6 (trypanothione)
0 (Glutaredoxins)
0 (Protozoan Proteins)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260528 Date Completed: 20260616 Latest Revision: 20260616
Update Code: 20260616
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00079
PMID: 42207921
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Links:
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    Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com:443/public/rma-ftfapi/ejs/direct?AccessToken=41DD9996753B916AC3E1&Show=Object
Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42207921
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The Thiol-Redox Biochemistry of Trypanosomatids: A New Perspective Based on Known and New Actors.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Comini+MA%22">Comini MA</searchLink>; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Graña+M%22">Graña M</searchLink>; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Manta+B%22">Manta B</searchLink>; Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220370623%22">Biochemistry</searchLink> [Biochemistry] 2026 Jun 16; Vol. 65 (12), pp. 1873-1899. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 May 28.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Review
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22American+Chemical+Society%22">American Chemical Society </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>0370623 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1520-4995 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200062960%22">00062960 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Biochemistry <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Washington, American Chemical Society.
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sulfhydryl+Compounds%22">Sulfhydryl Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sulfhydryl+Compounds+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sulfhydryl+Compounds%22">Sulfhydryl Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sulfhydryl+Compounds+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Glutathione%22">Glutathione*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Glutathione+analogs+%26+derivatives%22">analogs & derivatives</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Glutathione%22">Glutathione*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Glutathione+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Glutathione%22">Glutathione*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Glutathione+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Trypanosomatina%22">Trypanosomatina*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Trypanosomatina+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Protozoan+Proteins%22">Protozoan Proteins*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Protozoan+Proteins+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Protozoan+Proteins%22">Protozoan Proteins*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Protozoan+Proteins+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thioredoxins%22">Thioredoxins</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thioredoxins+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thioredoxins%22">Thioredoxins</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thioredoxins+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spermidine%22">Spermidine</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spermidine+analogs+%26+derivatives%22">analogs & derivatives</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spermidine%22">Spermidine</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spermidine+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spermidine%22">Spermidine</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spermidine+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Glutaredoxins%22">Glutaredoxins</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Glutaredoxins+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Glutaredoxins%22">Glutaredoxins</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Glutaredoxins+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Oxidation-Reduction%22">Oxidation-Reduction</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Maintaining thiol redox homeostasis is key for cell viability and development. Therefore, all organisms are equipped with redox systems conformed by redox-active proteins and low-molecular-weight thiols that facilitate target-specific delivery of electrons from NADPH to different (macro)molecules. Trypanosomatids are early branching single-cell eukaryotes harboring a unique thiol-redox system centered on the use of trypanothione (bis-glutathionylspermidine) as a low-molecular-weight thiol-redox cofactor. The irruption of trypanothione in these organisms acted as a major and positive selective pressure that shaped their redox biochemistry. The most radical changes involved the loss of otherwise highly conserved and indispensable glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase genes and the concomitant assignment of secondary roles to the related redoxins (glutaredoxins and thioredoxins). Here, we revise the state-of-the-art on the field and provide new research perspectives based on the identification of novel members of the thioredoxin-fold family.
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>CXXC motif; kinetoplastids; leishmania; redoxin; thiol; thioredoxin-fold; trypanosoma; trypanothione
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 0 (Sulfhydryl Compounds)<br />GAN16C9B8O (Glutathione)<br />52500-60-4 (Thioredoxins)<br />U87FK77H25 (Spermidine)<br />96304-42-6 (trypanothione)<br />0 (Glutaredoxins)<br />0 (Protozoan Proteins)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260528 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260616 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260616
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260616
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00079
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42207921
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42207921
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6c00079
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 1873
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Thioredoxins metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thioredoxins chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spermidine analogs & derivatives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spermidine metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spermidine chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutaredoxins metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutaredoxins chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidation-Reduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sulfhydryl Compounds metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sulfhydryl Compounds chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutathione analogs & derivatives
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutathione metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Glutathione chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Trypanosomatina metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Protozoan Proteins metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Protozoan Proteins chemistry
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The Thiol-Redox Biochemistry of Trypanosomatids: A New Perspective Based on Known and New Actors.
        Type: main
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          Name:
            NameFull: Comini MA
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            NameFull: Graña M
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            NameFull: Manta B
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            – D: 16
              M: 06
              Text: 2026 Jun 16
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1520-4995
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            – Type: volume
              Value: 65
            – Type: issue
              Value: 12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Biochemistry
              Type: main
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