Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS
Συνδεδεμένο Πλήρες Κείμενο

The impact of perceived human and computer interaction on collaborative learning: insights from the Map Task.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: The impact of perceived human and computer interaction on collaborative learning: insights from the Map Task.
Συγγραφείς: Crompton CJ; Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ , UK.; Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Wolfe K; Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ , UK., Tullo A; Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ , UK., Hoffman P; Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ , UK., Wolters MK; School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., MacPherson SE; Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ , UK. sarah.macpherson@ed.ac.uk.
Πηγή: Cognitive processing [Cogn Process] 2026 Aug; Vol. 27 (3), pp. 703-718. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 27.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101177984 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1612-4790 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16124782 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Process Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2004->: Heidelburg : Springer Verlag
Original Publication: Lengerich : Pabst Science, 2000-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Aging*/physiology , Aging*/psychology , Learning*/physiology , Cooperative Behavior* , User-Computer Interface*, Mental Recall/physiology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Sense of Agency
Περίληψη: Learning new skills and information becomes more challenging as people get older, but learning collaboratively can provide benefits to learning in older age. Prior work has predominantly focused on improved learning in terms of accuracy and efficiency when interacting with another human compared to learning alone, while the potential benefits of a human learning with a computer are understudied. It has been reported that older adults learn more efficiently and accurately when they believe they are interacting with a human compared to a computer to perform the Barrier Task. In the current study, we examined the effect of agency on performance on the Map Task, a test that measures spatial cognition, where participants must orally collaborate to reproduce a route printed on one participant's map onto another's, and which is considered a more ecologically valid measure of real-life communication compared to other materials used to study collaborative learning. We used a Wizard-of-Oz paradigm, in which participants interacted with a computer system, but were told that they were interacting with either a human assistant or computer. Twenty-four older adult participants (aged 66-79 years) completed an adapted version of the Map Task with a (perceived) human partner or computer to plan and execute a route, doing so through conversation. Overall, participants engaged similarly with their human and computer partner, but recall was more accurate when the information had been provided by the human, compared to the computer. Participants' negative perceptions about the computer-provided information may have driven this effect. These findings may influence how voice-based learning systems are introduced to older end-users, and strategies for negotiating agency between the human user and the voice-based system, to influence collaborative learning in older age. Future work should attempt to replicate these findings in a larger sample.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
References: Anderson AH, Bader M, Bard EG, Boyle E, Doherty G, Garrod S, Isard S, Kowtko J, McAllister J, Miller J, Sotillo C, Thompson HS, Weinert R (1991) The Hcrc Map Task Corpus. Lang Speech 34(4):351–366. (PMID: 10.1177/002383099103400404)
Bangerter A, Clark HH (2003) Navigating joint projects with dialogue. Cogn Sci 27(2):195–225. (PMID: 10.1207/s15516709cog2702_3)
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. J Stat Softw 67(1):1–48. (PMID: 10.18637/jss.v067.i01)
Berrios J, Swain A, Fricke M (2023) Implementing the map task in applied linguistics research: What, how, and why. Res Methods Appl Linguistics 2(3):100081. (PMID: 10.1016/j.rmal.2023.100081)
Boone KB, Lesser IM, Hill-Gutierrez EH, Berman NG, D’Elia LF (1993) Rey-Osterrieth complex figure performance in healthy older adults: Relationship to age, education, sex, and IQ. Clin Neuropsychologist 7:22–28. (PMID: 10.1080/13854049308401884)
Brewer R, Pierce C, Upadhyay P, Park L (2022) An empirical study of older adult’s voice assistant use for health information seeking. ACM Trans Interact Intell Syst (TiiS) 12(2):1–32. (PMID: 10.1145/3484507)
Canham MS, Wiley J, Mayer RE (2012) When diversity in training improves dyadic problem solving. Appl Cogn Psychol 26(3):421–430. (PMID: 10.1002/acp.1844)
Caruana N, Spirou D, Brock J (2017) Human agency beliefs influence behaviour during virtual social interactions. PeerJ 5:e3819. (PMID: 28948104561055510.7717/peerj.3819)
Clark HH, Wilkes-Gibbs D (1986) Referring as a collaborative process. Cognition 22:1–39. (PMID: 370908810.1016/0010-0277(86)90010-7)
Coughlan G, Laczó J, Hort J, Minihane A-M, Hornberger M (2018) Spatial navigation deficits - Overlooked cognitive marker for preclinical Alzheimer disease? Nat Reviews Neurol 14(8):496–506. (PMID: 10.1038/s41582-018-0031-x)
Crompton CJ, MacPherson SE (2019) Human agency beliefs affect older adults’ interaction behaviours and task performance when learning with computerised partners. Comput Hum Behav 101:60–67. (PMID: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.006)
Crompton CJ, Wolters MK, MacPherson SE (2022) Learning with friends and strangers: partner familiarity does not improve collaborative learning performance in younger and older adults. Memory 30(5):636–649. (PMID: 3519348110.1080/09658211.2022.2041038)
Cross ES, Ramsey R (2021) Mind meets machine: Towards a cognitive science of human–machine interactions. Trends Cogn Sci 25(3):200–212. (PMID: 3338421310.1016/j.tics.2020.11.009)
Cross ES, Ramsey R, Liepelt R, Prinz W, Hamilton AFDC (2016) The shaping of social perception by stimulus and knowledge cues to human animacy. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B: Biol Sci 371(1686):20150075. (PMID: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0075)
Cuadra A, Bethune J, Krell R, Lempel A, Hänsel K, Shahrokni A, Dell N (2023) Designing Voice-First Ambient Interfaces to Support Aging in Place. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (pp. 2189–2205).
Darda KM, Cross ES (2023) The computer, A choreographer? Aesthetic responses to randomly-generated dance choreography by a computer. Heliyon, 9(1), e12750.
Daugherty AM, Raz N (2017) A virtual water maze revisited: Two-year changes in navigation performance and their neural correlates in healthy adults. NeuroImage 146:492–506. (PMID: 2765953910.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.044)
Derksen BJ, Duff MC, Weldon K, Zhang J, Zamba KD, Tranel D, Denburg NL (2015) Older adults catch up to younger adults on a learning and memory task that involves collaborative social interaction. Memory 23(4):612–624. (PMID: 2484161910.1080/09658211.2014.915974)
Dillenbourg P (1999) What do you mean by collaborative learning? In: Dillenbourg P (ed) Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 1–19.
Dixon RA, Gould ON (1998) Younger and older adults collaborating on retelling everyday stories. Appl Dev Sci 2(3):160–171. (PMID: 10.1207/s1532480xads0203_4)
Duff MC, Hengst JA, Tranel D, Cohen NJ (2006) Collaborative discourse facilitates efficient communication and new learning in amnesia. Brain Lang 106(1):41–54. (PMID: 1807867110.1016/j.bandl.2007.10.004)
Feine J, Gnewuch U, Morana S, Maedche A (2019) A taxonomy of social cues for conversational agents. Int J Hum Comput Stud 132:138–161. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.07.009)
Fernandez-Baizan C, Arias JL, Mendez M (2020) Spatial memory assessment reveals age-related differences in egocentric and allocentric memory performance. Behav Brain Res 388:112646. (PMID: 3234403910.1016/j.bbr.2020.112646)
Festival (2026). https://www.cstr.ed.ac.uk/projects/festival/.
Fletcher-Watson B, Crompton CJ, Hutchison M, Lu H (2016) Strategies for enhancing success in digital tablet use by older adults: A pilot study. Gerontechnology 15(3):162–170. (PMID: 10.4017/gt.2016.15.3.005.00)
Gallagher C, Burke T (2007) Age, gender and IQ effects on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. Br J Clin Psychol 46:35–45. (PMID: 1747220010.1348/014466506X106047)
Gelman A, Su Y-S, Yajima M, Hill J, Pittau MG, Kerman J, Zheng T, Dorie V (2024) arm: Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models (1.14-4) [Computer software]. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/arm/index.html.
Glucksberg S, Krauss R (1967) What do people say after they have learned how to talk? Studies in the development of referential communication. Merrill-Palmer Q 13:309–316.
Gould ON, Osborn C, Krein H, Mortenson M (2002) Collaborative recall in married and unacquainted dyads. Int J Behav Dev 26(1):36–44. (PMID: 10.1080/01650250143000292)
Green P, Wei-Haas L (1985) The rapid development of user interfaces: Experience with the Wizard of Oz method. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 29, No. 5, pp. 470–474). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
Heyselaar E, Caruana N, Shin M, Schilbach L, Cross ES (2023) Do we really interact with artificial agents as if they are human? Front Virtual Real 4:1201385. (PMID: 10.3389/frvir.2023.1201385)
Hill PF, Bermudez S, McAvan AS, Garren JD, Grilli MD, Barnes CA, Ekstrom AD (2023) Age differences in spatial memory are mitigated during naturalistic navigation. bioRxiv, 2023.01.23.525279.
Jones A, Issroff K (2005) Learning technologies: Affective and social issues in computer-supported collaborative learning. Comput Educ 44(4):395–408. (PMID: 10.1016/j.compedu.2004.04.004)
Kim S, Choudhury A (2021) Exploring older adults’ perception and use of smart speaker-based voice assistants: A longitudinal study. Comput Hum Behav 124:106914. (PMID: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106914)
Kim Y, Reza M, McGrenere J, Yoon D (2021) Designers characterize naturalness in voice user interfaces: their goals, practices, and challenges. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–13).
Klapper A, Ramsey R, Wigboldus D, Cross ES (2014) The control of automatic imitation based on bottom–up and top–down cues to animacy: insights from brain and behavior. J Cogn Neurosci 26(11):2503–2251. (PMID: 2474215710.1162/jocn_a_00651)
Klencklen G, Després O, Dufour A (2012) What do we know about aging and spatial cognition? Reviews and perspectives. Ageing Res Rev 11(1):123–135. (PMID: 2208588410.1016/j.arr.2011.10.001)
Kosowicz M, MacPherson SE (2017) Improving multitasking assessment in healthy older adults using a prop-based version of the Breakfast task. Appl Neuropsychology: Adult 24(3):252–263. (PMID: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1136310)
Kuznetsova A, Brockhoff P, Christensen R (2017) lmerTest Package: Tests in Linear Mixed Effects Models. J Stat Softw 82(13):1–26. (PMID: 10.18637/jss.v082.i13)
León I, Tascón L, Cimadevilla JM (2016) Age and gender-related differences in a spatial memory task in humans. Behav Brain Res 306:8–12. (PMID: 2696556910.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.008)
Luce PA, Feustel TC, Pisoni DB (1983) Capacity demands in short-term memory for synthetic and. natural speech. Hum Factors 25(1):17–32. (PMID: 6840769351369810.1177/001872088302500102)
Macedo IM (2017) Predicting the acceptance and use of information and communication technology by older adults: An empirical examination of the revised UTAUT2. Comput Hum Behav 75:935–948. (PMID: 10.1016/j.chb.2017.06.013)
Mariano J, Marques S, Ramos MR, Gerardo F, de Vries H (2020) Too old for computers? The longitudinal relationship between stereotype threat and computer use by older adults. Front Psychol 11:568972. (PMID: 33123050756691910.3389/fpsyg.2020.568972)
Metcalfe J, Eich TS, Castel AD (2010) Metacognition of agency across the lifespan. Cognition 116(2):267–282. (PMID: 2057025110.1016/j.cognition.2010.05.009)
Meyers JE, Meyers KR (1995) Rey Complex Figure Test and recognition trial professional manual. Psychological Assessment Resources.
Mitzner TL, Savla J, Boot WR, Sharit J, Charness N, Czaja SJ, Rogers WA (2019) Technology adoption by older adults: Findings from the PRISM trial. Gerontologist 59(1):34–44. (PMID: 30265294632625410.1093/geront/gny113)
Mori H, Satake T, Nakamura M, Kasuya H (2011) Constructing a spoken dialogue corpus for studying paralinguistic information in expressive conversation and analyzing its statistical/acoustic characteristics. Speech Commun 53(1):36–50. (PMID: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.08.002)
Nakagawa S, Schielzeth H (2013) A general and simple method for obtaining R<sup>2</sup> from generalized linear mixed-effects models. Methods Ecol Evol 4(2):133–142. (PMID: 10.1111/j.2041-210x.2012.00261.x)
Nass CI, Brave S (2005) Wired for speech: How voice activates and advances the human-computer relationship. MIT Press, Cambridge, p 9.
Normalize (2026). https://normalize.nongnu.org.
Orlofsky S, Wozniak K (2022) Older adults’ experiences using Alexa. Geriatr Nurs 48:240–250. (PMID: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.09.017)
Ostrosky-Solis F, Jaime RM, Ardila A (1998) Memory abilities during normal aging. Int J Neurosci 93:151–162. (PMID: 960417710.3109/00207459808986420)
Paradeda RB, Hashemian M, Rodrigues RA, Paiva A (2016) How facial expressions and small talk may influence trust in a robot. In International Conference on Social Robotics (pp. 169–178).
Pardo JS, Jay IC, Hoshino R, Hasbun SM, Sowemimo-Coker C, Krauss RM (2013) Influence of role-switching on phonetic convergence in conversation. Discourse Processes 50(4):276–300. (PMID: 10.1080/0163853X.2013.778168)
Pednekar S, Dhirawani P, Shah R, Shekokar N, Ghag K (2023) Voice-based interaction for an aging population: A systematic review. In 2023 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Communication and Computational Techniques (ICCT) (pp. 1–8). IEEE.
Perriton O, Stephenson B, Gerber S, Bailly G, King S (2025) Refining the evaluation of speech synthesis: A summary of the Blizzard Challenge 2023. Comput Speech Lang 90:101747. (PMID: 10.1016/j.csl.2024.101747)
Pirhonen J, Lolich L, Tuominen K, Jolanki O, Timonen V (2020) These devices have not been made for older people’s needs–Older adults’ perceptions of digital technologies in Finland and Ireland. Technol Soc 62:101287. (PMID: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101287)
Pradhan A, Lazar A, Findlater L (2020) Use of intelligent voice assistants by older adults with low technology use. ACM Trans Computer-Human Interact (TOCHI) 27(4):1–27. (PMID: 10.1145/3373759)
R Core Team (2024) A language and environment for statistical computing. (Version 4.4.1) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/.
Reysen MB, Adair SA (2008) Social processing improves recall performance. Psychon Bull Rev 15(1):197–201. (PMID: 10.3758/PBR.15.1.19718605503)
Rietz T, Benke I, Maedche A (2019) The impact of anthropomorphic and functional chatbot design features in enterprise collaboration systems on user acceptance. 14th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI 2019).
Rodrigues MA, Yoon SO, Clancy KB, Stine-Morrow EA (2021) What are friends for? The impact of friendship on communicative efficiency and cortisol response during collaborative problem solving among younger and older women. J Women Aging 33(4):411–427. (PMID: 3403832510.1080/08952841.2021.1915686)
RStudio Team (2024) RStudio: Integrated Development for R. [Computer software]. RStudio, PBC. http://www.rstudio.com/.
Salthouse TA (2010) When does age-related cognitive decline begin? Neurobiol Aging 30(4):507–514. (PMID: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.09.023)
Schuetzler RM, Grimes GM, Scott Giboney J (2020) The impact of chatbot conversational skill on engagement and perceived humanness. J Manage Inform Syst 37(3):875–900. (PMID: 10.1080/07421222.2020.1790204)
Seaborn K, Miyake NP, Pennefather P, Otake-Matsuura M (2021) Voice in human–agent interaction: a survey. ACM-CSUR 54:1–43.
Sin J, Chen D, Threatt JG, Gorham A, Munteanu C (2022) Does Alexa live up to the hype? Contrasting expectations from mass media narratives and older adults’ hands-on experiences of voice interfaces. In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (pp. 1–9).
Smither JAA (1993) Short term memory demands in processing synthetic speech by old and young adults. Behav Inform Technol 12(6):330–335. (PMID: 10.1080/01449299308924397)
Stenzel A, Chinellato E, Bou MAT, Pobil D, Lappe ÁP, M., Liepelt R (2012) When humanoid robots become human-like interaction partners: corepresentation of robotic actions. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 38(5):1073. (PMID: 2286676210.1037/a0029493)
Sundar SS (2020) Rise of machine agency: A framework for studying the psychology of human–AI interaction (HAII). J Computer-Mediated Communication 25(1):74–88. (PMID: 10.1093/jcmc/zmz026)
The Human Communication Research Centre (2022) The HCRC Map Task Corpus. https://groups.inf.ed.ac.uk/maptask/maptasknxt.html.
Thomas M, Gilson R, Ziulkowski S, Gibbons S (1989) Short term memory demands in processing synthetic speech. In Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting (Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 239–241). Sage. Los Angeles, CA.
Tullo A, Crompton CJ (2018) A wizard of oz task containing natural and synthetic speech conditions for a collaborative route drawing task with multiple trials. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1446027.
Upadhyay P, Heung S, Azenkot S, Brewer RN (2023) Studying exploration and long-term use of voice assistants by older adults. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–11).
Vardoulakis LP, Ring L, Barry B, Sidner CL, Bickmore T (2012) Designing relational agents as long term social companions for older adults. In Intelligent Virtual Agents: 12th International Conference, IVA 2012, Santa Cruz, CA, USA, September, 12–14, 2012. Proceedings 12 (pp. 289–302). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Völkel ST, Buschek D, Eiband M, Cowan BR, Hussmann H (2021) Eliciting and analysing users’ envisioned dialogues with perfect voice assistants. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1–15).
Wahn B, Kingstone A (2021) Humans share task load with a computer partner if (they believe that) it acts human-like. Acta Psychol 212:103205. (PMID: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103205)
Wang S, Sun Z (2025) Roles of artificial intelligence experience, information redundancy, and familiarity in shaping active learning: Insights from intelligent personal assistants. Educ Inform Technol 30:2525–2546. (PMID: 10.1007/s10639-024-12895-6)
Wechsler D (1997a) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III). The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio.
Wechsler D (1997b) Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III). The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio.
Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition (WAIS–IV). NCS Pearson.
Wechsler D (2009) Test of Premorbid Functioning. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio.
Wilson J, Heinsch M, Betts D, Booth D, Kay-Lambkin F (2021) Barriers and facilitators to the use of e-health by older adults: a scoping review. BMC Public Health 21:1–12. (PMID: 10.1186/s12889-021-11623-w)
Wolbers T, Hegarty M (2010) What determines our navigational abilities? Trends Cogn Sci 14(3):138–146. (PMID: 2013879510.1016/j.tics.2010.01.001)
Wolfe K, Crompton CJ, Hoffman P, MacPherson SE (2023) Collaborative learning of new information in older age: a systematic review. Royal Soc Open Sci 10(10):211595. (PMID: 10.1098/rsos.211595)
Wolfe K, Crompton CJ, Hoffman P, Wolters MK, MacPherson SE (2025) Collaborative learning in older age and the role of familiarity: Evidence from the Map Task. Neuropsychol Dev Cognition Sect B Aging Neuropsychol Cognition 32(3):459–483. (PMID: 10.1080/13825585.2024.2432879)
Wolters M, Campbell P, DePlacido C, Liddell A, Owens D (2007) Making speech synthesis more accessible to older people. In 6th ISCA Workshops on Speech Synthesis (SSW-6).
Wolters M, Georgila K, Moore JD, MacPherson SE (2009) Being old doesn’t mean acting old: How older users interact with spoken dialog systems. ACM Trans Accessible Comput (TACCESS) 2(1):1–39. (PMID: 10.1145/1525840.1525842)
Wolters MK, Johnson C, Campbell PE, DePlacido CG, McKinstry B (2015) Can older people remember medication reminders presented using synthetic speech? J Am Med Inform Assoc 22(1):35–42. (PMID: 2508053410.1136/amiajnl-2014-002820)
Wykowska A, Wiese E, Prosser A, Müller HJ (2014) Beliefs about the minds of others influence how we process sensory information. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e94339.
Xie B (2011) Older adults, e-health literacy, and collaborative learning: An experimental study. J Am Soc Inform Sci Technol 62(5):933–946. (PMID: 10.1002/asi.21507)
Yoon SO, Stine-Morrow EA (2019) Evidence of preserved audience design with aging in interactive conversation. Psychol Aging 34(4):613. (PMID: 3097324210.1037/pag0000341)
Yule G (1997) Referential communication tasks. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
Zierau N, Hildebrand C, Bergner A, Busquet F, Schmitt A, Leimeister M, J (2023) Voice bots on the frontline: Voice-based interfaces enhance flow-like consumer experiences & boost service outcomes. J Acad Mark Sci 51(4):823–842. (PMID: 10.1007/s11747-022-00868-5)
Grant Information: PG-2020-035 Leverhulme Trust; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: aging; collaboration; empirical studies in accessibility; human-centered computing; human-computer interaction; learning; older adults; recall
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260527 Date Completed: 20260730 Latest Revision: 20260802
Update Code: 20260802
PubMed Central ID: PMC13423963
DOI: 10.1007/s10339-026-01347-3
PMID: 42201504
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1612-4790
DOI:10.1007/s10339-026-01347-3