Academic Journal
The effect of breath exercises on anxiety levels and breast milk content in mothers of premature infants.
| Τίτλος: | The effect of breath exercises on anxiety levels and breast milk content in mothers of premature infants. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Ormanci Z; Faculty of Health Science, Division of Midwifery, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: zbalacan@adu.edu.tr., Altinkaya SÖ; Faculty of Health Science, Division of Midwifery, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey. Electronic address: altinkayaozlem@yahoo.com. |
| Πηγή: | Midwifery [Midwifery] 2026 Sep; Vol. 160, pp. 104860. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 13. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Churchill Livingstone Country of Publication: Scotland NLM ID: 8510930 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-3099 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02666138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Midwifery Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Edinburgh ; New York : Churchill Livingstone, 1985- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Milk, Human*/chemistry , Anxiety*/psychology , Anxiety*/therapy , Infant, Premature*/psychology , Mothers*/psychology , Mothers*/statistics & numerical data , Breathing Exercises*/methods , Breathing Exercises*/standards , Breathing Exercises*/psychology, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Turkey |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of breath exercises on maternal anxiety levels and breast milk composition among mothers of premature infants. Materials and Methods: A one-group, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was used. The sample comprised 128 mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Aydın Adnan Menderes University Hospital between May 2021 and May 2023. Data were collected via a form capturing sociodemographic and medical history, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and breast milk content analyses from medical records. Descriptive statistics and dependent-group parametric and non-parametric tests compared pre- and post-exercise results. Results: No significant changes were found in breast milk fat, carbohydrate, or energy levels after breath exercises (p > 0.05). However, crude protein (p = 0.006) and true protein (p = 0.009) levels decreased significantly. State anxiety decreased markedly post-exercise (p < 0.001), whereas trait anxiety increased (p = 0.041). Correlation analyses showed that greater reductions in trait anxiety were associated with increases in milk fat (r = 0.199, p = 0.026) and energy content (r = 0.258, p = 0.003). Conclusion: Breath exercises significantly reduced state anxiety in mothers of premature infants and, in those with lowered trait anxiety, led to higher breast milk fat and energy content. These results support the potential of non-pharmacological interventions to favorably modulate breast milk composition and warrant further research. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Breath exercises; Lactation; Premature; Quasi- experimental; Stress |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260522 Date Completed: 20260708 Latest Revision: 20260708 |
| Update Code: | 20260709 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.midw.2026.104860 |
| PMID: | 42172977 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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