High-resolution GC × GC fingerprinting reveals atmosphere-dependent volatilome trajectories in pork spoilage.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: High-resolution GC × GC fingerprinting reveals atmosphere-dependent volatilome trajectories in pork spoilage.
Συγγραφείς: Chen L; Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, Frederiksberg C, DK-1958, Denmark., Trapani F; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, I-10125, Italy., Caratti A; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, I-10125, Italy., Devlieghere F; Research Unit Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (FMFP), Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Electronic address: Frank.Devlieghere@UGent.be., Cordero C; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, Turin, I-10125, Italy. Electronic address: chiara.cordero@unito.it.
Πηγή: Journal of chromatography. A [J Chromatogr A] 2026 Aug 16; Vol. 1782, pp. 467088. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 12.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9318488 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3778 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219673 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Chromatogr A Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1993-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Volatile Organic Compounds*/analysis , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry*/methods , Red Meat*/analysis , Red Meat*/microbiology , Pork Meat*/analysis , Pork Meat*/microbiology, Food Packaging/methods ; Animals ; Swine ; Atmosphere
Περίληψη: The microbial spoilage of raw meat is modulated by the packaging atmosphere, yet the volatile fingerprints underlying these processes remain only partially resolved. This study establishes a structured volatilome fingerprinting workflow based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS) to analyze pork spoilage under air, high-N2, and high-O2/CO2 packaging conditions. The applied approach achieved a more comprehensive and confident chemical characterization of the volatilome when compared to currently available results with conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or real-time mass spectrometry. A total of 199 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected, including numerous low-abundance and metabolically related compounds that were annotated by complementary orthogonal criteria. Multivariate analysis based on selected VOCs revealed atmosphere-specific volatilome trajectories and identified key spoilage markers including pyruvate-derived metabolites (acetoin, 2,3-butanedione, 2,3-butanediol), 3-methyl-1-butanol and several aldehydes and ketones. Overall, GC × GC provides enhanced chemical resolution and thus delivers new insights into raw pork spoilage mechanisms via uncovering additional trace-level metabolites not previously observed by other approaches. Expanding and rigorously annotating the meat volatilome would reinforce spoilage assessment and targeted preservation strategies, through resolving microbial metabolism and accurately discriminating spoilage trajectories.
(Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: GC × GC-TOFMS; Image pattern recognition; Meat spoilage; Modified atmosphere packaging; UT fingerprinting; Volatilomics
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260518 Date Completed: 20260610 Latest Revision: 20260610
Update Code: 20260610
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467088
PMID: 42150444
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE