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Clinical applications and methodology updates in HLA typing.

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Τίτλος: Clinical applications and methodology updates in HLA typing.
Συγγραφείς: Feng K; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Chang L; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China., Yan Y; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China., Sun H; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China., Liu Y; Military Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 63750, P. R. China., Song S; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Nuermaimaiti A; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Halemubieke S; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Mei L; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Su Q; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Liu X; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China., Lu Z; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China., Ji H; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China. 18611420225@163.com.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China. 18611420225@163.com., Wang L; Beijing Hospital, National center for Gerontology, The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics of NHC, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, National Center for Clinical Laboratories, National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China. lunan99@163.com.; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China. lunan99@163.com.; Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China. lunan99@163.com.
Πηγή: BMC immunology [BMC Immunol] 2026 May 14; Vol. 27 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 14.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100966980 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2172 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712172 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2000-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Histocompatibility Testing*/methods , HLA Antigens*/genetics , HLA Antigens*/immunology, Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Περίληψη: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is a key component of the immune system, involving aspects such as autoimmune reactions, transplant rejection reactions, and related diseases. HLA typing technology enables precise decision-making in clinical tissue matching, disease susceptibility assessment, and drug response prediction. Therefore, this article summarizes the genetic characteristics of HLA, several commonly used methods for typing, including serological methods and molecular biology methods. It also explores the clinical applications of HLA typing, such as in organ and stem cell transplantation, blood transfusion, and disease association studies. In addition, in recent years, the combination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and PCR technology has shown its potential application in various gene typing. In particular, the application of SNP-PCR method in HLA typing provides new possibilities for improving typing accuracy, reducing costs, and shortening detection time. Therefore, we summarize the existing HLA typing technologies and prospects for the future development of SNP-PCR method in HLA typing. With the continuous progress of bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing technology, SNP-PCR is expected to become an efficient, economical, and widely used method for HLA typing, providing strong support for precision medicine. In addition, combined with big data analysis, SNP-PCR is expected to further reveal the complex associations between HLA and various diseases, thereby promoting in-depth research and development in immunology, genetics, and clinical medicine.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This article does not involve Ethical Approval and consent to participate. Consent for publication: The submitted research is original and has not been published elsewhere. All authors agree to the content and publication of this paper. There is no conflict of interest among all authors. All authors agree to publish this review. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
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Grant Information: L244070 Beijing Natural Science Foundation
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Disease association; HLA typing; HLA typing methods; Transfusion; Transplant
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (HLA Antigens)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260514 Date Completed: 20260717 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC13374135
DOI: 10.1186/s12865-026-00845-5
PMID: 42135629
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>100966980 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1471-2172 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214712172%22">14712172 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>BMC Immunol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: London : BioMed Central, [2000-
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Histocompatibility+Testing%22">Histocompatibility Testing*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Histocompatibility+Testing+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22HLA+Antigens%22">HLA Antigens*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22HLA+Antigens+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22HLA+Antigens%22">HLA Antigens*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22HLA+Antigens+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Polymerase+Chain+Reaction%22">Polymerase Chain Reaction</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Polymerase+Chain+Reaction+methods%22">methods</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Polymorphism%2C+Single+Nucleotide%22">Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22High-Throughput+Nucleotide+Sequencing%22">High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) system is a key component of the immune system, involving aspects such as autoimmune reactions, transplant rejection reactions, and related diseases. HLA typing technology enables precise decision-making in clinical tissue matching, disease susceptibility assessment, and drug response prediction. Therefore, this article summarizes the genetic characteristics of HLA, several commonly used methods for typing, including serological methods and molecular biology methods. It also explores the clinical applications of HLA typing, such as in organ and stem cell transplantation, blood transfusion, and disease association studies. In addition, in recent years, the combination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and PCR technology has shown its potential application in various gene typing. In particular, the application of SNP-PCR method in HLA typing provides new possibilities for improving typing accuracy, reducing costs, and shortening detection time. Therefore, we summarize the existing HLA typing technologies and prospects for the future development of SNP-PCR method in HLA typing. With the continuous progress of bioinformatics and high-throughput sequencing technology, SNP-PCR is expected to become an efficient, economical, and widely used method for HLA typing, providing strong support for precision medicine. In addition, combined with big data analysis, SNP-PCR is expected to further reveal the complex associations between HLA and various diseases, thereby promoting in-depth research and development in immunology, genetics, and clinical medicine.<br /> (© 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This article does not involve Ethical Approval and consent to participate. Consent for publication: The submitted research is original and has not been published elsewhere. All authors agree to the content and publication of this paper. There is no conflict of interest among all authors. All authors agree to publish this review. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
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  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: L244070 Beijing Natural Science Foundation
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Disease association; HLA typing; HLA typing methods; Transfusion; Transplant
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 0 (HLA Antigens)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260514 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260717 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260813
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260813
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13374135
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1186/s12865-026-00845-5
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42135629
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42135629
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1186/s12865-026-00845-5
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Polymerase Chain Reaction methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Histocompatibility Testing methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HLA Antigens genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: HLA Antigens immunology
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Clinical applications and methodology updates in HLA typing.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Feng K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chang L
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yan Y
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            NameFull: Sun H
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          Name:
            NameFull: Nuermaimaiti A
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            NameFull: Halemubieke S
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            NameFull: Mei L
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            NameFull: Liu X
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lu Z
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ji H
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          Name:
            NameFull: Wang L
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 14
              M: 05
              Text: 2026 May 14
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1471-2172
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 27
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: BMC immunology
              Type: main
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