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Mechanisms linking sleep, innate immunity, and neuroinflammation.

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Τίτλος: Mechanisms linking sleep, innate immunity, and neuroinflammation.
Συγγραφείς: Opp MR; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. Electronic address: Mark.Opp@Colorado.Edu., Rowe RK; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA., Krueger JM; Department of Integrative Physiology & Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Πηγή: Brain, behavior, and immunity [Brain Behav Immun] 2026 Oct; Vol. 137, pp. 106803. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 11.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8800478 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2139 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08891591 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Behav Immun Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2000- > : Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: San Diego : Academic Press, [c1987-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Immunity, Innate*/physiology , Immunity, Innate*/immunology , Sleep*/physiology , Sleep*/immunology , Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/immunology , Neuroinflammatory Diseases*/metabolism, Cytokines/metabolism ; Brain/immunology ; Brain/metabolism ; Inflammation/immunology ; Signal Transduction/immunology ; Humans ; Animals ; Innate Immunity Recognition
Περίληψη: This narrative review discusses mechanisms underlying bidirectional communication between sleep and the immune system with a focus on innate immune signaling and neuroinflammatory processes. Decades of mechanistic research demonstrate that sleep and immune function are tightly integrated across molecular, cellular, and systems levels. Seminal experiments from the late 1960 s through the early 1980 s established that microbial products, such as muramyl peptides and lipopolysaccharide, along with cytokines including IL-1 and TNF, alter sleep and participate in its physiological regulation. These findings launched contemporary investigations into how innate immune receptors, PAMP recognition, and downstream inflammatory signaling shape sleep-wake architecture. More recent work demonstrates that acute or chronic sleep disruption-including deprivation, restriction, and fragmentation-activates inflammatory signaling pathways, alters cytokine expression, and induces neuroinflammatory responses within the brain. At the cellular level, glial cells play central roles in mediating these effects and linking immune activation to neuronal circuits regulating sleep-wake behavior. Together, these advances reveal that sleep-immune interactions are deeply integrated and critical for maintaining health.
(Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Antibody; Cytokine; Holobiont; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharide; Muramyl peptides; Pattern associated molecular pattern; Pattern recognition receptor; Peptidoglycan
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Cytokines)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260512 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260915
Update Code: 20260916
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106803
PMID: 42119911
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Opp+MR%22&quot;&gt;Opp MR&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA. Electronic address: Mark.Opp@Colorado.Edu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Rowe+RK%22&quot;&gt;Rowe RK&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Krueger+JM%22&quot;&gt;Krueger JM&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Integrative Physiology &amp; Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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  Data: This narrative review discusses mechanisms underlying bidirectional communication between sleep and the immune system with a focus on innate immune signaling and neuroinflammatory processes. Decades of mechanistic research demonstrate that sleep and immune function are tightly integrated across molecular, cellular, and systems levels. Seminal experiments from the late 1960&#160;s through the early 1980&#160;s established that microbial products, such as muramyl peptides and lipopolysaccharide, along with cytokines including IL-1 and TNF, alter sleep and participate in its physiological regulation. These findings launched contemporary investigations into how innate immune receptors, PAMP recognition, and downstream inflammatory signaling shape sleep-wake architecture. More recent work demonstrates that acute or chronic sleep disruption-including deprivation, restriction, and fragmentation-activates inflammatory signaling pathways, alters cytokine expression, and induces neuroinflammatory responses within the brain. At the cellular level, glial cells play central roles in mediating these effects and linking immune activation to neuronal circuits regulating sleep-wake behavior. Together, these advances reveal that sleep-immune interactions are deeply integrated and critical for maintaining health.&lt;br /&gt; (Copyright &#169; 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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        Value: 10.1016/j.bbi.2026.106803
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 106803
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cytokines metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Inflammation immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Signal Transduction immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Innate Immunity Recognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immunity, Innate physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Immunity, Innate immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sleep physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sleep immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neuroinflammatory Diseases immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neuroinflammatory Diseases metabolism
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Mechanisms linking sleep, innate immunity, and neuroinflammation.
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              Text: 2026 Oct
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              Y: 2026
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