Academic Journal
Identification of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a B-cell epitope within the nuclear localization signal of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) capsid protein.
| Τίτλος: | Identification of a monoclonal antibody recognizing a B-cell epitope within the nuclear localization signal of porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) capsid protein. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Liao JY; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China., Liu XQ; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China., Hou JY; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China., Zhang Q; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China., Zhu F; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China., Shi Y; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China., Xiao CT; Institute of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, College of Biology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China. Electronic address: xiaocht@126.com. |
| Πηγή: | Veterinary microbiology [Vet Microbiol] 2026 Aug; Vol. 319, pp. 111050. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 04. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7705469 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2542 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03781135 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Circovirus*/immunology , Circovirus*/genetics , Antibodies, Monoclonal*/immunology , Nuclear Localization Signals*/immunology , Nuclear Localization Signals*/genetics , Capsid Proteins*/immunology , Capsid Proteins*/genetics , Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte*/immunology , Antibodies, Viral*/immunology, Circoviridae Infections/veterinary ; Circoviridae Infections/virology ; Swine Diseases/virology ; Animals ; Swine ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Epitope Mapping ; Humans ; Mice ; HEK293 Cells |
| Περίληψη: | Porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) is an emerging pathogen with a broad geographical distribution, having been detected in both healthy and diseased pigs across China, South Korea, Europe, and other regions. Similar to PCV2, PCV4 rescued from infectious clones has been shown to be pathogenic in pigs, posing a potential threat to the swine industry. The capsid (Cap) protein, the primary structural and immunogenic component of PCV4, contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) critical for viral replication. However, the immunogenicity and antigenic epitopes of PCV4 Cap protein remain poorly characterized. In this study, the PCV4 Cap protein was expressed and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific to PCV4 Cap were generated through hybridoma technique and screened by indirect ELISA. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that all four mAbs specifically recognized PCV4 Cap protein expressed in both HEK293T cells and Escherichia coli. Subclass typing revealed that the mAbs possessed IgG1 heavy chains and kappa light chains. Epitope mapping using truncated Cap proteins identified a common B-cell epitope recognized by all four mAbs, located within the NLS region corresponding to amino acid residues 28-43. The mAbs exhibited high specificity for PCV4 Cap, with no cross-reactivity against PCV2 or PCV3 Cap proteins. The generation of these PCV4 Cap-specific mAbs provides valuable tools for developing pathogen-specific detection methods to support epidemiological surveillance of PCV4 and for further investigating NLS-associated viral replication mechanisms, particularly those involving nuclear import and export processes. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial or commercial interests in this work. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: B-cell epitope; Cap protein; Monoclonal antibodies; Nuclear localization signal (NLS); Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal) 0 (Nuclear Localization Signals) 0 (Capsid Proteins) 0 (Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte) 0 (Antibodies, Viral) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260508 Date Completed: 20260605 Latest Revision: 20260605 |
| Update Code: | 20260606 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.111050 |
| PMID: | 42102598 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1873-2542 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.vetmic.2026.111050 |