Academic Journal
View in EDS
Linked Full Text

Interventions to improve Cultural Safety in healthcare in CANZUS countries: a systematic mixed studies review of First Nations Peoples' experiences.

Bibliographic Details
Title: Interventions to improve Cultural Safety in healthcare in CANZUS countries: a systematic mixed studies review of First Nations Peoples' experiences.
Authors: van der Breggen A; Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Mauritskade 63, Amsterdam, North Holland, 1090 HA, The Netherlands.; Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, North Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands., Leske S; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia., Dean JA; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia., Sanjida S; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia., Wallace J; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia., Lee N; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia., Ward J; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.
Source: International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care [Int J Qual Health Care] 2026 Jul 08; Vol. 38 (3).
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9434628 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1464-3677 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13534505 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Qual Health Care Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Oxford : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Kidlington, Oxford, UK ; Tarrytown, NY : Pergamon, c1994-
MeSH Terms: Health Services, Indigenous*/organization & administration , Cultural Competency*, Humans ; Australia ; Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples ; Canada ; Indians, North American ; New Zealand ; United States ; Indigenous Canadians ; Maori People
Abstract: Background: Assessing patient perspectives is fundamental to determining whether anti-racism and cultural training programs and services associated with an intervention achieve their intended outcomes, yet reviews frequently focus on health provider perspectives. This systematic review, therefore, aimed to investigate First Nations Peoples' experiences, as patients, of interventions to improve their Cultural Safety and experiences in secondary and tertiary healthcare settings.
Methods: American Psychological Association's PsycInfo (via EBSCOhost), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete (via EBSCOhost), PubMed, and Scopus (via Elsevier) were all searched from inception to 9 December 2025. Eligible intervention studies needed to report the experiences of First Nations' people as care recipients in secondary and tertiary healthcare settings. Eligible study countries were Australia, Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand), and the United States of America (USA). General study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study quality was also examined with a modified version of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool to provide a First Nations perspective. Qualitative meta-aggregation was conducted to synthesize both qualitative and quantitative data.
Results: There were 22 reports (11 qualitative, 7 quantitative, and 4 mixed methods) of 20 eligible studies, including 2092 First Nations care recipients. Interventions and quantitative outcomes were heterogeneous, precluding meta-analysis. Four studies reported on cultural training for health professionals, with the remainder service-level interventions. The qualitative meta-aggregation resulted in six synthesized findings, which reflected the mechanisms by which these programs worked and their outcomes. Four synthesized findings described mechanisms. These included emotional and practical support; acknowledgement, respect, and support for culture; feeling accepted, heard, valued, safe, comfortable, and respected; and navigating treatment and the system. The two synthesized findings related to outcomes concerned perceptions of health services and, relatedly, impacts on health service access. Quality appraisal revealed no discussion of existing and newly created intellectual property considerations. Study limitations included undefined terminology, terms being used interchangeably, and a few studies from the USA and Aotearoa (New Zealand).
Conclusions: Published intervention studies assessing First Nations care recipients' experiences appear to be increasing. Future interventions must clearly define the terminology in the intervention, use mixed-methods approaches, and report intellectual property considerations.
Trial Registration: Systematic review: PROSPERO, CRD42024521218 (prospective, available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024521218).
(© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care.)
References: BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Apr 30;24(1):553. (PMID: 38693527)
BMC Med Ethics. 2017 Mar 1;18(1):19. (PMID: 28249596)
Int J Nurs Stud. 2009 Apr;46(4):529-46. (PMID: 19233357)
Emerg Med Australas. 2024 Aug;36(4):554-562. (PMID: 38556708)
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2014 Aug;38(4):355-61. (PMID: 25091076)
Health Expect. 2018 Oct;21(5):927-936. (PMID: 29691974)
Soc Sci Med. 2001 Dec;53(11):1491-502. (PMID: 11710424)
Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2018 Jan;27(1):. (PMID: 28513056)
Int J Equity Health. 2007 Oct 03;6:12. (PMID: 17910778)
BMC Public Health. 2022 May 16;22(1):988. (PMID: 35578322)
BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n160. (PMID: 33781993)
Healthc Manage Forum. 2015 Nov;28(6):255-61. (PMID: 26415715)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 15;18(6):. (PMID: 33803942)
Aust Health Rev. 2025 May;49:. (PMID: 40414621)
BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 22;13(2):e063178. (PMID: 36813494)
Int J Qual Health Care. 2024 Sep 20;36(3):. (PMID: 39233448)
J Transcult Nurs. 2025 May;36(3):279-289. (PMID: 39559851)
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Jun 1;23(1):367. (PMID: 37259049)
Clin Invest Med. 2013 Apr 01;36(2):E57-63. (PMID: 23544606)
Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Apr 20;21:100489. (PMID: 37179794)
BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jun 4;21(1):548. (PMID: 34088326)
Health Promot J Austr. 2024 Oct;35(4):1060-1066. (PMID: 38097211)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 06;18(14):. (PMID: 34299688)
BMC Med. 2024 Jan 9;22(1):3. (PMID: 38191406)
PLoS One. 2015 Sep 23;10(9):e0138511. (PMID: 26398658)
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016 Jun;51(6):885-94. (PMID: 26956679)
J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Jul;75:40-6. (PMID: 27005575)
BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Dec 29;18(1):1010. (PMID: 30594208)
BMC Res Notes. 2024 Jan 21;17(1):31. (PMID: 38246988)
Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci. 2023 Oct;10(2):160-170. (PMID: 40084237)
CJEM. 2016 Jul;18(4):301-5. (PMID: 26565079)
Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Nov;118:105500. (PMID: 35964378)
Annu Rev Public Health. 2022 Apr 05;43:559-576. (PMID: 35081315)
BMC Nurs. 2019 Aug 22;18:38. (PMID: 31440116)
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Apr 10;20(1):79. (PMID: 32276606)
JAMA. 2006 Sep 6;296(9):1094-102. (PMID: 16954489)
Aust J Prim Health. 2019 Nov;25(5):471-477. (PMID: 31522699)
JBI Evid Synth. 2020 Oct;18(10):2108-2118. (PMID: 32813460)
Nurs Womens Health. 2014 Feb-Mar;18(1):38-46. (PMID: 24548495)
BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Sep 2;22(1):1113. (PMID: 36050677)
Med J Aust. 2014 Jun 16;200(11):649-52. (PMID: 24938346)
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012 Dec 21;12:159. (PMID: 23256901)
Med J Aust. 2019 Apr;210(6):263-268. (PMID: 30802313)
Women Birth. 2017 Apr;30(2):121-128. (PMID: 27720187)
Aust Fam Physician. 2015 Jun;44(6):387-92. (PMID: 26209990)
Aust Health Rev. 2020 Apr;44(2):205-211. (PMID: 32213274)
PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001419. (PMID: 23585737)
Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015 Sep;13(3):179-87. (PMID: 26262565)
Health Soc Work. 1986 Summer;11(3):223-9. (PMID: 3744167)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 16;17(22):. (PMID: 33207696)
BMJ Open. 2023 Oct 4;13(10):e073320. (PMID: 37793931)
J Health Serv Res Policy. 2022 Jan;27(1):74-84. (PMID: 34875923)
Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 26;10(1):39. (PMID: 33499930)
Birth. 2015 Mar;42(1):27-37. (PMID: 25600655)
J Clin Nurs. 2026 Mar;35(3):964-1001. (PMID: 40970593)
J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2011 Nov;22(4):1331-43. (PMID: 22080713)
CJEM. 2024 Jul;26(7):488-498. (PMID: 38683290)
N S W Public Health Bull. 2012 Jun;23(3-4):63-7. (PMID: 22697101)
Grant Information: 2015820 National Health and Medical Research Council; 2023/MRF2025012 Department of Health and Aged Care
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260507 Date Completed: 20260708 Latest Revision: 20260922
Update Code: 20260922
PubMed Central ID: PMC13345746
DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzag057
PMID: 42092988
Database: MEDLINE
FullText Links:
  – Type: other
    Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com:443/public/rma-ftfapi/ejs/direct?AccessToken=46EDB802642C210846E2&Show=Object
Text:
  Availability: 0
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42092988
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Interventions to improve Cultural Safety in healthcare in CANZUS countries: a systematic mixed studies review of First Nations Peoples' experiences.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Breggen+A%22">van der Breggen A</searchLink>; Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT), Mauritskade 63, Amsterdam, North Holland, 1090 HA, The Netherlands.; Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1105, Amsterdam, North Holland, 1081 HV, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Leske+S%22">Leske S</searchLink>; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dean+JA%22">Dean JA</searchLink>; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanjida+S%22">Sanjida S</searchLink>; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wallace+J%22">Wallace J</searchLink>; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+N%22">Lee N</searchLink>; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ward+J%22">Ward J</searchLink>; UQ Poche Centre for Indigenous Health; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, 74 High Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4066, Australia.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229434628%22">International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care</searchLink> [Int J Qual Health Care] 2026 Jul 08; Vol. 38 (3).
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Systematic Review
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Oxford+University+Press%22">Oxford University Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>9434628 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1464-3677 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2213534505%22">13534505 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Int J Qual Health Care <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Publication</i>: Oxford : Oxford University Press<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Kidlington, Oxford, UK ; Tarrytown, NY : Pergamon, c1994-
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Health+Services%2C+Indigenous%22">Health Services, Indigenous*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Health+Services%2C+Indigenous+organization+%26+administration%22">organization & administration</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cultural+Competency%22">Cultural Competency*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Australia%22">Australia</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Australian+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+Peoples%22">Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Canada%22">Canada</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Indians%2C+North+American%22">Indians, North American</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22New+Zealand%22">New Zealand</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Indigenous+Canadians%22">Indigenous Canadians</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Maori+People%22">Maori People</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Assessing patient perspectives is fundamental to determining whether anti-racism and cultural training programs and services associated with an intervention achieve their intended outcomes, yet reviews frequently focus on health provider perspectives. This systematic review, therefore, aimed to investigate First Nations Peoples' experiences, as patients, of interventions to improve their Cultural Safety and experiences in secondary and tertiary healthcare settings.<br />Methods: American Psychological Association's PsycInfo (via EBSCOhost), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete (via EBSCOhost), PubMed, and Scopus (via Elsevier) were all searched from inception to 9 December 2025. Eligible intervention studies needed to report the experiences of First Nations' people as care recipients in secondary and tertiary healthcare settings. Eligible study countries were Australia, Canada, Aotearoa (New Zealand), and the United States of America (USA). General study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Study quality was also examined with a modified version of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Quality Appraisal Tool to provide a First Nations perspective. Qualitative meta-aggregation was conducted to synthesize both qualitative and quantitative data.<br />Results: There were 22 reports (11 qualitative, 7 quantitative, and 4 mixed methods) of 20 eligible studies, including 2092 First Nations care recipients. Interventions and quantitative outcomes were heterogeneous, precluding meta-analysis. Four studies reported on cultural training for health professionals, with the remainder service-level interventions. The qualitative meta-aggregation resulted in six synthesized findings, which reflected the mechanisms by which these programs worked and their outcomes. Four synthesized findings described mechanisms. These included emotional and practical support; acknowledgement, respect, and support for culture; feeling accepted, heard, valued, safe, comfortable, and respected; and navigating treatment and the system. The two synthesized findings related to outcomes concerned perceptions of health services and, relatedly, impacts on health service access. Quality appraisal revealed no discussion of existing and newly created intellectual property considerations. Study limitations included undefined terminology, terms being used interchangeably, and a few studies from the USA and Aotearoa (New Zealand).<br />Conclusions: Published intervention studies assessing First Nations care recipients' experiences appear to be increasing. Future interventions must clearly define the terminology in the intervention, use mixed-methods approaches, and report intellectual property considerations.<br />Trial Registration: Systematic review: PROSPERO, CRD42024521218 (prospective, available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024521218).<br /> (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care.)
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: BMC Health Serv Res. 2024 Apr 30;24(1):553. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238693527%22">38693527)</searchLink><br />BMC Med Ethics. 2017 Mar 1;18(1):19. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228249596%22">28249596)</searchLink><br />Int J Nurs Stud. 2009 Apr;46(4):529-46. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219233357%22">19233357)</searchLink><br />Emerg Med Australas. 2024 Aug;36(4):554-562. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238556708%22">38556708)</searchLink><br />Aust N Z J Public Health. 2014 Aug;38(4):355-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225091076%22">25091076)</searchLink><br />Health Expect. 2018 Oct;21(5):927-936. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229691974%22">29691974)</searchLink><br />Soc Sci Med. 2001 Dec;53(11):1491-502. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211710424%22">11710424)</searchLink><br />Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2018 Jan;27(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228513056%22">28513056)</searchLink><br />Int J Equity Health. 2007 Oct 03;6:12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217910778%22">17910778)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2022 May 16;22(1):988. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235578322%22">35578322)</searchLink><br />BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n160. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233781993%22">33781993)</searchLink><br />Healthc Manage Forum. 2015 Nov;28(6):255-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226415715%22">26415715)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 15;18(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233803942%22">33803942)</searchLink><br />Aust Health Rev. 2025 May;49:. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240414621%22">40414621)</searchLink><br />BMJ Open. 2023 Feb 22;13(2):e063178. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236813494%22">36813494)</searchLink><br />Int J Qual Health Care. 2024 Sep 20;36(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239233448%22">39233448)</searchLink><br />J Transcult Nurs. 2025 May;36(3):279-289. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239559851%22">39559851)</searchLink><br />BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2023 Jun 1;23(1):367. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237259049%22">37259049)</searchLink><br />Clin Invest Med. 2013 Apr 01;36(2):E57-63. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223544606%22">23544606)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health Am. 2023 Apr 20;21:100489. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237179794%22">37179794)</searchLink><br />BMC Health Serv Res. 2021 Jun 4;21(1):548. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234088326%22">34088326)</searchLink><br />Health Promot J Austr. 2024 Oct;35(4):1060-1066. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238097211%22">38097211)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 06;18(14):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234299688%22">34299688)</searchLink><br />BMC Med. 2024 Jan 9;22(1):3. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238191406%22">38191406)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2015 Sep 23;10(9):e0138511. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226398658%22">26398658)</searchLink><br />Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016 Jun;51(6):885-94. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226956679%22">26956679)</searchLink><br />J Clin Epidemiol. 2016 Jul;75:40-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227005575%22">27005575)</searchLink><br />BMC Health Serv Res. 2018 Dec 29;18(1):1010. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230594208%22">30594208)</searchLink><br />BMC Res Notes. 2024 Jan 21;17(1):31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238246988%22">38246988)</searchLink><br />Policy Insights Behav Brain Sci. 2023 Oct;10(2):160-170. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240084237%22">40084237)</searchLink><br />CJEM. 2016 Jul;18(4):301-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226565079%22">26565079)</searchLink><br />Nurse Educ Today. 2022 Nov;118:105500. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235964378%22">35964378)</searchLink><br />Annu Rev Public Health. 2022 Apr 05;43:559-576. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235081315%22">35081315)</searchLink><br />BMC Nurs. 2019 Aug 22;18:38. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231440116%22">31440116)</searchLink><br />BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Apr 10;20(1):79. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232276606%22">32276606)</searchLink><br />JAMA. 2006 Sep 6;296(9):1094-102. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216954489%22">16954489)</searchLink><br />Aust J Prim Health. 2019 Nov;25(5):471-477. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231522699%22">31522699)</searchLink><br />JBI Evid Synth. 2020 Oct;18(10):2108-2118. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232813460%22">32813460)</searchLink><br />Nurs Womens Health. 2014 Feb-Mar;18(1):38-46. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224548495%22">24548495)</searchLink><br />BMC Health Serv Res. 2022 Sep 2;22(1):1113. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236050677%22">36050677)</searchLink><br />Med J Aust. 2014 Jun 16;200(11):649-52. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224938346%22">24938346)</searchLink><br />BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012 Dec 21;12:159. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223256901%22">23256901)</searchLink><br />Med J Aust. 2019 Apr;210(6):263-268. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230802313%22">30802313)</searchLink><br />Women Birth. 2017 Apr;30(2):121-128. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227720187%22">27720187)</searchLink><br />Aust Fam Physician. 2015 Jun;44(6):387-92. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226209990%22">26209990)</searchLink><br />Aust Health Rev. 2020 Apr;44(2):205-211. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232213274%22">32213274)</searchLink><br />PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001419. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223585737%22">23585737)</searchLink><br />Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015 Sep;13(3):179-87. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226262565%22">26262565)</searchLink><br />Health Soc Work. 1986 Summer;11(3):223-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223744167%22">3744167)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 16;17(22):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233207696%22">33207696)</searchLink><br />BMJ Open. 2023 Oct 4;13(10):e073320. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237793931%22">37793931)</searchLink><br />J Health Serv Res Policy. 2022 Jan;27(1):74-84. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234875923%22">34875923)</searchLink><br />Syst Rev. 2021 Jan 26;10(1):39. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233499930%22">33499930)</searchLink><br />Birth. 2015 Mar;42(1):27-37. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225600655%22">25600655)</searchLink><br />J Clin Nurs. 2026 Mar;35(3):964-1001. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240970593%22">40970593)</searchLink><br />J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2011 Nov;22(4):1331-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222080713%22">22080713)</searchLink><br />CJEM. 2024 Jul;26(7):488-498. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238683290%22">38683290)</searchLink><br />N S W Public Health Bull. 2012 Jun;23(3-4):63-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222697101%22">22697101)</searchLink>
– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: 2015820 National Health and Medical Research Council; 2023/MRF2025012 Department of Health and Aged Care
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260507 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260708 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260922
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260922
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13345746
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1093/intqhc/mzag057
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42092988
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42092988
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1093/intqhc/mzag057
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Australia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Canada
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indians, North American
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: New Zealand
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: United States
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Indigenous Canadians
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maori People
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Health Services, Indigenous organization & administration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cultural Competency
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Interventions to improve Cultural Safety in healthcare in CANZUS countries: a systematic mixed studies review of First Nations Peoples' experiences.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: van der Breggen A
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Leske S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Dean JA
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sanjida S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wallace J
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lee N
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ward J
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 08
              M: 07
              Text: 2026 Jul 08
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1464-3677
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 38
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care
              Type: main
ResultId 1