Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS

The effect of increasing dietary fat concentration on mammary arteriovenous fatty acid difference and milk fat yield in Holstein cows.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: The effect of increasing dietary fat concentration on mammary arteriovenous fatty acid difference and milk fat yield in Holstein cows.
Συγγραφείς: Homan AN; Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802., Harvatine KJ; Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802. Electronic address: kjh182@psu.edu.
Πηγή: Journal of dairy science [J Dairy Sci] 2026 Sep; Vol. 109 (9), pp. 9964-9986. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 04.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: American Dairy Science Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985126R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1525-3198 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00220302 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Dairy Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Champaign, IL : American Dairy Science Association
Original Publication: Lancaster, Pa. [etc.]
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Milk*/chemistry , Milk*/metabolism , Dietary Fats*/administration & dosage , Dietary Fats*/metabolism , Fatty Acids*/blood , Fatty Acids*/metabolism , Mammary Glands, Animal*/blood supply , Mammary Glands, Animal*/metabolism, Cattle/physiology ; Cattle/metabolism ; Triglycerides/blood ; Triglycerides/metabolism ; Diet/veterinary ; Animal Feed/analysis ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified/blood ; Animals ; Female ; Lactation ; Cross-Over Studies
Περίληψη: Dairy producers invest in fatty acid (FA) supplements to increase energy intake and maximize milk fat yield, but the effect of dietary fat level on mammary FA uptake and metabolism are not well described. Our objective was to characterize mammary arteriovenous (AV) difference and extraction percentage of total plasma FA, triglycerides (TG), and nonesterified FA (NEFA) at 2 levels of dietary fat. The hypothesis was that mammary AV difference of palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), TG, and NEFA would be greater in cows fed a higher-fat diet compared with a lower-fat diet due to increased arterial concentration and therefore substrate availability of these FA. The secondary hypothesis was that the mammary extraction percentage of FA would increase as arterial concentration of FA increased, suggesting a concentration-dependent mechanism of uptake. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a crossover design with 14-d periods. Treatments were a lower-fat diet (LF; 2.7% FA) or a higher-fat diet that contained roasted soybeans, whole cottonseed, and a prilled FA supplement (HF; 4.9% FA). Data were analyzed in a mixed model that included the random effect of cow and period and fixed effect of treatment. For plasma analysis, the fixed effect of time and interaction of treatment and time were added to the model. We found no effect of treatment on milk or milk protein yield. Feeding the HF diet increased milk fat percentage by 0.26 units and milk fat yield by 88 g/d, with an increase in the yield of >16 C preformed and 16 C mixed source FA. The HF diet increased the proportion of 16:0, 18:0, and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in both arterial and venous plasma FA and decreased the proportion of oleic (18:1 cis[c]9) and α-linolenic (18:3n-3) acid. It also increased total arterial FA concentration by 21%. Approximately half of the increase in arterial FA was due to 18:2n-6 (+232 mg/L), whereas smaller increases were also observed for 16:0, 18:0, 18:1c9, and 18:3n-3. We observed a treatment by time interaction for the AV difference of total FA and 18:1c9 and a tendency for an interaction for 18:0 and 18:2n-6, where there was a greater AV difference between treatments at 1600 h compared with other time points. The HF diet also increased the AV difference of 16:0, but there was no interaction of treatment and time. We found no treatment or treatment by time interactions for AV difference of TG and NEFA. There was an interaction of treatment and milking time for milk fat percent that aligned with total plasma FA AV data, where the difference between HF and LF was greater at the evening milking compared with the morning. In conclusion, increasing dietary fat increased milk fat yield through an increase in total plasma FA concentration and an increase in AV difference of specific FA with variation in the response across the day.
(The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: fatty acid; lactation; lipid; nutrition
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Dietary Fats)
0 (Fatty Acids)
0 (Triglycerides)
0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260507 Date Completed: 20260828 Latest Revision: 20260828
Update Code: 20260829
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2026-28324
PMID: 42092543
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://www.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2026-28324?
    Name: ScienceDirect (all content) (s7799221)
    Category: fullText
    Text: View record from ScienceDirect
    MouseOverText: View record from ScienceDirect
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=15253198&ISBN=&volume=109&issue=9&date=20260901&spage=9964&pages=9964-9986&title=Journal of dairy science&atitle=The%20effect%20of%20increasing%20dietary%20fat%20concentration%20on%20mammary%20arteriovenous%20fatty%20acid%20difference%20and%20milk%20fat%20yield%20in%20Holstein%20cows.&aulast=Homan%20AN&id=DOI:10.3168/jds.2026-28324
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42092543
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: The effect of increasing dietary fat concentration on mammary arteriovenous fatty acid difference and milk fat yield in Holstein cows.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Homan+AN%22">Homan AN</searchLink>; Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Harvatine+KJ%22">Harvatine KJ</searchLink>; Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802. Electronic address: kjh182@psu.edu.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%222985126R%22">Journal of dairy science</searchLink> [J Dairy Sci] 2026 Sep; Vol. 109 (9), pp. 9964-9986. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 May 04.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22American+Dairy+Science+Association%22">American Dairy Science Association </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>2985126R <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1525-3198 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200220302%22">00220302 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Dairy Sci <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Publication</i>: Champaign, IL : American Dairy Science Association<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Lancaster, Pa. [etc.]
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Milk%22">Milk*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Milk+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Milk%22">Milk*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Milk+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dietary+Fats%22">Dietary Fats*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dietary+Fats+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dietary+Fats%22">Dietary Fats*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dietary+Fats+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids%22">Fatty Acids*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids+blood%22">blood</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids%22">Fatty Acids*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mammary+Glands%2C+Animal%22">Mammary Glands, Animal*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mammary+Glands%2C+Animal+blood+supply%22">blood supply</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mammary+Glands%2C+Animal%22">Mammary Glands, Animal*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mammary+Glands%2C+Animal+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cattle%22">Cattle</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cattle+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cattle%22">Cattle</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cattle+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Triglycerides%22">Triglycerides</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Triglycerides+blood%22">blood</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Triglycerides%22">Triglycerides</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Triglycerides+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Diet%22">Diet</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Diet+veterinary%22">veterinary</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animal+Feed%22">Animal Feed</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animal+Feed+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Fatty+Acids%2C+Nonesterified%22">Fatty Acids, Nonesterified</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Fatty+Acids%2C+Nonesterified+blood%22">blood</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Lactation%22">Lactation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cross-Over+Studies%22">Cross-Over Studies</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Dairy producers invest in fatty acid (FA) supplements to increase energy intake and maximize milk fat yield, but the effect of dietary fat level on mammary FA uptake and metabolism are not well described. Our objective was to characterize mammary arteriovenous (AV) difference and extraction percentage of total plasma FA, triglycerides (TG), and nonesterified FA (NEFA) at 2 levels of dietary fat. The hypothesis was that mammary AV difference of palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), TG, and NEFA would be greater in cows fed a higher-fat diet compared with a lower-fat diet due to increased arterial concentration and therefore substrate availability of these FA. The secondary hypothesis was that the mammary extraction percentage of FA would increase as arterial concentration of FA increased, suggesting a concentration-dependent mechanism of uptake. Nine multiparous Holstein cows were arranged in a crossover design with 14-d periods. Treatments were a lower-fat diet (LF; 2.7% FA) or a higher-fat diet that contained roasted soybeans, whole cottonseed, and a prilled FA supplement (HF; 4.9% FA). Data were analyzed in a mixed model that included the random effect of cow and period and fixed effect of treatment. For plasma analysis, the fixed effect of time and interaction of treatment and time were added to the model. We found no effect of treatment on milk or milk protein yield. Feeding the HF diet increased milk fat percentage by 0.26 units and milk fat yield by 88 g/d, with an increase in the yield of >16 C preformed and 16 C mixed source FA. The HF diet increased the proportion of 16:0, 18:0, and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in both arterial and venous plasma FA and decreased the proportion of oleic (18:1 cis[c]9) and α-linolenic (18:3n-3) acid. It also increased total arterial FA concentration by 21%. Approximately half of the increase in arterial FA was due to 18:2n-6 (+232 mg/L), whereas smaller increases were also observed for 16:0, 18:0, 18:1c9, and 18:3n-3. We observed a treatment by time interaction for the AV difference of total FA and 18:1c9 and a tendency for an interaction for 18:0 and 18:2n-6, where there was a greater AV difference between treatments at 1600 h compared with other time points. The HF diet also increased the AV difference of 16:0, but there was no interaction of treatment and time. We found no treatment or treatment by time interactions for AV difference of TG and NEFA. There was an interaction of treatment and milking time for milk fat percent that aligned with total plasma FA AV data, where the difference between HF and LF was greater at the evening milking compared with the morning. In conclusion, increasing dietary fat increased milk fat yield through an increase in total plasma FA concentration and an increase in AV difference of specific FA with variation in the response across the day.<br /> (The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>fatty acid; lactation; lipid; nutrition
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 0 (Dietary Fats)<br />0 (Fatty Acids)<br />0 (Triglycerides)<br />0 (Fatty Acids, Nonesterified)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260507 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260828 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260828
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260829
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.3168/jds.2026-28324
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42092543
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42092543
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3168/jds.2026-28324
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 9964
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cattle physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cattle metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Triglycerides blood
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Triglycerides metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diet veterinary
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animal Feed analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatty Acids, Nonesterified blood
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lactation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cross-Over Studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Milk chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Milk metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dietary Fats administration & dosage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dietary Fats metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatty Acids blood
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatty Acids metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mammary Glands, Animal blood supply
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mammary Glands, Animal metabolism
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The effect of increasing dietary fat concentration on mammary arteriovenous fatty acid difference and milk fat yield in Holstein cows.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Homan AN
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Harvatine KJ
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: 2026 Sep
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1525-3198
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 109
            – Type: issue
              Value: 9
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of dairy science
              Type: main
ResultId 1