Academic Journal
Adaptation to San Martín Quechua and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian adults.
| Τίτλος: | Adaptation to San Martín Quechua and psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in Peruvian adults. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Cjuno J; Universidad Peruana Unión, Unidad de Posgrado de Psicología, Lima, Perú., Gomez-Hurtado H; Universidad Tecnológica del Perú, Lima, Perú. c24461@utp.edu.pe., Shupingahua-Jimenez C; Universidad Peruana Unión, Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Tarapoto, Perú., Aranda-Turpo J; Universidad Peruana Unión, Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Tarapoto, Perú., Julca Guerrero F; Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo, Huaraz, Perú., Velásquez-Castillo N; Universidad Católica Los Ángeles de Chimbote, Chimbote, Perú., Anco EWA; Universidad Peruana Unión, Escuela Profesional de Psicología, Tarapoto, Perú., Bazalar-Palacios J; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú., Bazo-Alvarez JC; Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru.; Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London (UCL), London, UK. |
| Πηγή: | BMC psychology [BMC Psychol] 2026 May 02; Vol. 14 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 02. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101627676 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-7283 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20507283 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2013]- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Patient Health Questionnaire*/standards , Psychometrics*, Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Peru ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Reproducibility of Results ; Factor Analysis, Statistical |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: To culturally adapt the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for San Martín Quechua and to evaluate its structural validity, reliability, and measurement invariance in Peruvian adults. Methods: A psychometric study was conducted on a non-probabilistic sample of 309 Quechua-speaking adults from the San Martín region of Peru, including both men and women aged 18 to 59 years. The study was carried out in two phases. The first phase involved the translation and cultural adaptation of the original English PHQ-9 into the Quechua variant spoken in San Martín. The second phase tested how well the adapted PHQ-9 worked by using different methods: confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine its internal structure, multi-group CFA to assess measurement invariance across groups, the Average Variance Extracted (AVE) to evaluate construct representation, and reliability estimation. Convergent validity was also examined through correlations with related measures. Results: A unidimensional model of the PHQ-9 Quechua San Martín showed adequate fit (CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.994, SRMR = 0.048, RMSEA = 0.051) and high reliability (α = 0.86; Ω = 0.87). Measurement invariance was supported across sociodemographic groups (ΔCFI and/or ΔRMSEA < 0.01). Convergent validity was supported by an adequate AVE (0.53). Additionally, PHQ-9 scores correlated moderately with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and weakly and negatively with the Well-Being Index, supporting convergent validity based on relations with other variables. Conclusions: The San Martín Quechua PHQ-9 is a valid, reliable, and at least partially invariant single-factor instrument for assessing depressive symptoms in Quechua-speaking adults. It may be useful as a screening tool in similar populations. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of César Vallejo University (code 440-CEI-EPM-UCV-2024, dated May 11, 2024). The study adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki; all participants voluntarily agreed to participate, providing their informed consent and documenting their participation. Competing of interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Depression; Indigenous peoples; Patient Health Questionnaire; Quechua people (Source: Mesh) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260502 Date Completed: 20260619 Latest Revision: 20260726 |
| Update Code: | 20260726 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13281567 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s40359-026-04653-9 |
| PMID: | 42069641 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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