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Demography and life histories across the Roman frontier in Germany 400-700 CE.

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Τίτλος: Demography and life histories across the Roman frontier in Germany 400-700 CE.
Συγγραφείς: Blöcher J; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Vallini L; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Velte M; SNSB, Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology, Munich, Germany., Eckel R; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland., Guyon L; Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.; Eco-Anthropologie (UMR 7206), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France., Winkelbach L; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Thomas MG; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK., Gharehbaghi N; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Mitchell CT; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Schümann J; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Köhler S; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Seyr E; SNSB, Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology, Munich, Germany., Krichel K; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Rau S; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Hirsch J; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Duras J; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Cloarec-Pioffet P; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland., Füglistaler A; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland., Klement K; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Wilkenhöner M; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Vetterdietz L; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Gentilin F; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Müller M; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Mücke AL; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Zedda N; Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy., Tawfik Y; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Saal E; Hessian State Office for Monuments and Sites, hessenArchäologie, Marburg, Germany., McGlynn G; SNSB, Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology, Munich, Germany., Bramanti B; Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy., Orschiedt J; State Office for Heritage Preservation and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt, Halle, Germany., Molitor R; Leibniz-Zentrum für Archäologie (LEIZA), Mainz, Germany., Fliß B; Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Spazier I; Thüringer Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie, Weimar, Germany., Shankland D; Royal Anthropological Institute, London, UK., Vetterling C; ReVe Büro für Archäologie GbR, Bamberg, Germany., Karpf K; Stadt Villach-Museum und Archiv, Villach, Austria., Planert V; Department of Early Historical Archaeology and Medieval Archaeology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Hölzl S; SNSB, RiesCraterMuseum Nördlingen, Nördlingen, Germany., Codreanu-Windauer S; Bavarian State Office for the Conservation of Historical Monuments and Sites, Munich, Germany., Quast D; Leibniz-Zentrum für Archäologie (LEIZA), Mainz, Germany., Mikić I; Institute of Archaeology, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia., Fiedler S; Landratsamt Deggendorf, Kreisarchäologie, Deggendorf, Germany., Päffgen B; Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie und Provinzialrömische Archäologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany., Brami M; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Pre- and Early Historical Archaeology, Institute of Classical Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany., Richter T; Landratsamt Landshut, Kreisarchäologie, Essenbach, Germany., Chaix R; Eco-Anthropologie (UMR 7206), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France., Brather-Walter S; Department of Early Historical Archaeology and Medieval Archaeology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Steffens P; Hessian State Office for Monuments and Sites, hessenArchäologie, Darmstadt, Germany., Marquart M; Museen der Stadt Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg, Germany., Becker T; Hessian State Office for Monuments and Sites, hessenArchäologie, Darmstadt, Germany., Haberstroh J; Bavarian State Office for the Conservation of Historical Monuments and Sites, Munich, Germany., Meier M; Institute of Ancient History, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Schmidt-Hofner S; Institute of Ancient History, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Brather S; Department of Early Historical Archaeology and Medieval Archaeology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., Harbeck M; SNSB, Bavarian State Collection of Anthropology, Munich, Germany., Patzold S; Institute of Medieval History, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. steffen.patzold@uni-tuebingen.de., Wegmann D; Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland. daniel.wegmann@unifr.ch.; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland. daniel.wegmann@unifr.ch., Burger J; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. jburger@uni-mainz.de.
Πηγή: Nature [Nature] 2026 Jun; Vol. 654 (8120), pp. 984-993. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 29.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Historical Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Basingstoke : Nature Publishing Group
Original Publication: London, Macmillan Journals ltd.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Roman World*/history , Demography* , Genetics, Population* , Genome, Human*, Female ; Humans ; Male ; European People ; Germany ; History, Ancient ; Pedigree
Περίληψη: The emergence of new political and social structures in Western and Central Europe during the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages has long been attributed to large-scale migrations. Yet emerging evidence increasingly emphasizes the role of small-group mobility in reshaping the Roman world1-3. Here we present 258 ancient genomes from the former Roman frontier of southern Germany, which we analyse alongside 2,500 ancient and 379 modern genomes. Population genetic analyses reveal a major demographic shift coinciding with the late fifth century collapse of Roman state structures, when a founding population of northern European ancestry mixed with genetically diverse Roman provincial groups. Pedigree reconstruction and filia, a method for inferring the ancestry of unsampled relatives, indicate widespread intermarriage and minimal cultural differentiation. Genetic structure persisted through the sixth century, with admixture forming a population resembling modern Central Europeans by the early seventh century. Using Chronograph to refine the chronology of genealogically linked individuals, we estimate a generation time of 28 years, life expectancies of 39.8 years for women and 43.3 years for men, high infant mortality, and a society in which nearly one quarter of children lost at least one parent by age 10, yet most still grew up with grandparents. Pedigrees further reveal a society centred on nuclear families that practiced lifelong monogamy, strict incest avoidance, flexible lineage continuation and no levirate unions, indicating continuity with Late Roman social practices that later shaped the European family.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260429 Date Completed: 20260624 Latest Revision: 20260726
Update Code: 20260726
PubMed Central ID: PMC13293882
DOI: 10.1038/s41586-026-10437-3
PMID: 42056513
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-026-10437-3