Academic Journal
Intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: long-term dosing patterns and clinical outcomes in a 5-year observational study.
| Τίτλος: | Intranasal esketamine in treatment-resistant depression: long-term dosing patterns and clinical outcomes in a 5-year observational study. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Cuomo A; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., McIntyre R; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Koukouna D; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Pinzi M; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Pardossi S; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Firenzuoli B; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Barillà G; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Carmellini P; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Alamia A; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Fagiolini A; Division of Psychiatry, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. |
| Πηγή: | Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology [Ther Adv Psychopharmacol] 2026 Apr 20; Vol. 16, pp. 20451253261437597. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 20 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101555693 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2045-1253 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20451253 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ther Adv Psychopharmacol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : Sage |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major clinical challenge, and long-term real-world data on intranasal esketamine are limited. Objectives: To describe long-term dosing patterns and clinical outcomes associated with intranasal esketamine in routine clinical practice. Design: Single-center observational cohort study with descriptive analyses. Methods: We analyzed 45 patients with TRD treated with intranasal esketamine in a naturalistic setting, with follow-up extending up to 260 weeks. Esketamine was used adjunctively with ongoing oral antidepressants. Outcomes included the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale (GASS). Treatment patterns were summarized using person-time (person-weeks). Results: Baseline MADRS was 40.0 (SD 4.63). Mean MADRS decreased to 22.9 (SD 7.99) at week 4 and to 9.70 (SD 5.35) at week 52, with mean scores remaining around 9-10 at later time points among patients with available follow-up. Eight patients (17.8%) discontinued treatment (lack of efficacy n = 4; intolerable adverse effects n = 3; lost to follow-up n = 1). No treatment-emergent hypomania or manic symptoms were observed; YMRS scores decreased over time. GASS scores were low overall, with median values of 0 from week 13 onwards. Conclusion: In a real-world TRD cohort with complex comorbidities, intranasal esketamine used adjunctively was associated with sustained symptom improvement and a favorable long-term safety profile among patients who continued treatment, with dosing evolving from induction to individualized maintenance schedules. Findings are limited by the observational design, concomitant treatments, and survivor bias. Trial Registration: Not applicable. (© The Author(s), 2026.) |
| Competing Interests: | Alessandro Cuomo, Andrea Fagiolini, and Roger McIntyre declare the following potential conflicts of interest in relation to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Advisory board or similar committee: Angelini, Apsen, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Recordati, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis. Clinical trials or studies: Angelini; Boehringer Ingelheim; GlaxoSmithKline; Janssen; Lundbeck; Viatris; Otsuka. Honoraria or other fees: Angelini; Janssen; Lundbeck; Otsuka; Recordati; Sanofi-Aventis; Viatris; Vifor. Research grants: Angelini; Boehringer Ingelheim; Janssen; Lundbeck; Recordati; Viatris; Otsuka. All other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Note: None of the companies listed above was involved in the design, conduct, analysis, or reporting of this study. The research was conducted independently, and the findings and conclusions presented are those of the authors alone. |
| Σχόλια: | Erratum in: Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2026 May 19;16:20451253261452482. doi: 10.1177/20451253261452482.. (PMID: 42179909) |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: MADRS; dosing patterns; esketamine; intranasal; long-term outcomes; observational study; person-time analysis; real-world evidence; treatment tolerability; treatment-resistant depression |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260429 Date Completed: 20260429 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20261011 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13111888 |
| DOI: | 10.1177/20451253261437597 |
| PMID: | 42052285 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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