Academic Journal

COF-PEI-PEG nanocarriers enhance dsRNA delivery to improve RNAi-based insect pest control.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: COF-PEI-PEG nanocarriers enhance dsRNA delivery to improve RNAi-based insect pest control.
Συγγραφείς: Chen Y; Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Deng M; COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Van Der Voort P; COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., De Schutter K; Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Πηγή: Pest management science [Pest Manag Sci] 2026 Aug; Vol. 82 (8), pp. 7667-7678. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 21.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Published for SCI by Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100898744 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-4998 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1526498X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pest Manag Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: West Sussex, UK : Published for SCI by Wiley, c2000-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): RNA, Double-Stranded*/administration & dosage , Polyethylene Glycols*/chemistry , Polyethyleneimine*/chemistry , Insect Control*/methods , RNA Interference*, Drosophila/genetics ; Animals ; Sf9 Cells
Περίληψη: Background: Foliar application of RNA interference (RNAi)-based products offers a promising strategy for protecting crops against insect pests. This approach involves the direct spraying of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence specific target genes in pests. However, its practical efficacy is constrained by the environmental degradation of the dsRNA, rapid degradation by gut nucleases, inefficient cellular internalization and limited endosomal escape. The integration of nanotechnology with RNAi has emerged as a promising frontier in sustainable pest control, offering improved dsRNA stability, enhanced cellular delivery, and the potential to reduce conventional pesticide use. In this study, we explored the use of a positively charged covalent organic framework (COF)-based nanocarrier functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for dsRNA delivery.
Results: The resulting COF-PEI-PEG@dsRNA complexes effectively resisted degradation by nuclease-rich midgut extracts. Moreover, COF-PEI-PEG facilitated efficient dsRNA delivery into Drosophila S2 and Lepidopteran Sf9 cells, resulting in significant improvement in target gene knockdown. In vivo, COF-PEI-PEG@dsRNA significantly enhanced RNAi efficacy in Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Drosophila suzukii, although no improvement was observed in Spodoptera exigua.
Conclusion: Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of COF-PEI-PEG as effective dsRNA delivery platforms, offering a novel and versatile tool to enhance RNAi-based insect management and fundamental entomological research. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
(© 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.)
References: Zotti M, Dos Santos EA, Cagliari D, Christiaens O, Taning CNT and Smagghe G, RNA interference technology in crop protection against arthropod pests, pathogens and nematodes. Pest Manag Sci 74:1239–1250 (2018).
Siddique AB, Rahman MZ, Gain N, Rahman MS and Rahman J, Harnessing double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA): a sustainable approach to pest management. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 31:1237–1257 (2025).
Messina E, Registration Decision for the New Active Ingredient Ledprona (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata‐Specific Recombinant Double‐Stranded Interfering Oligonucleotide GS2)(CAS Number: 2433753‐68‐3).US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., USA, 1, pp. 1–21 (2023).
Cheng X, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Qin X, Zhang Y, Li X, et al. Nanoparticle LDH enhances RNAi efficiency of dsRNA in piercing‐sucking pests by promoting dsRNA stability and transport in plants. J Nanobiotechnol 22: 544 (2024).
Chen Y and De Schutter K, Biosafety aspects of RNAi‐based pests control. Pest Manag Sci 80:3697–3706 (2024).
Zhang K, Wei J, Huff Hartz KE, Lydy MJ, Moon TS, Sander M et al. Analysis of RNA interference (RNAi) biopesticides: double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction from agricultural soils and quantification by RT‐qPCR. Environ Sci Technol 54: 4893–4902 (2020).
Nitnavare RB, Bhattacharya J, Singh S, Kour A, Hawkesford MJ and Arora N, Next generation dsRNA‐based insect control: success so far and challenges. Front Plant Sci 12:673576 (2021).
Kunte N, McGraw E, Bell S, Held D and Avila LA, Prospects, challenges and current status of RNAi through insect feeding. Pest Manag Sci 76:26–41 (2020).
Xue Q, Li J, Vereecken S, Li Q, Zhi Z, Dubruel P, Taning CNT et al. Functionally modified graphene oxide as an alternative nanovehicle for enhanced dsRNA delivery in improving RNAi‐based insect Pest control. J Agric Food Chem 72: 22512–22523 (2024).
Xie J, Zhang J, Yang J, Wu S, Teng X, Han H, et al. Microfluidic‐based dsRNA delivery nanoplatform for efficient Spodoptera exigua control. J Agric Food Chem 72: 12508–12515 (2024).
Saleh TA, Nanomaterials: classification, properties, and environmental toxicities. Environ Technol Innovation 20:101067 (2020).
Sadeghi R, Rodriguez RJ, Yao Y and Kokini JL, Advances in nanotechnology as they pertain to food and agriculture: benefits and risks. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 8:467–492 (2017).
Li P, Huang Y, Fu C, Jiang SX, Peng W, Jia Y, et al. Eco‐friendly biomolecule‐nanomaterial hybrids as next‐generation agrochemicals for topical delivery. EcoMat 3: e12132 (2021).
Zhang X, Zhang J and Zhu KY, Chitosan/double‐stranded RNA nanoparticle‐mediated RNA interference to silence chitin synthase genes through larval feeding in the African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae). Insect Mol Biol 19:683–693 (2010).
Mitter N, Worrall EA, Robinson KE, Li P, Jain RG, Taochy C, et al. Clay nanosheets for topical delivery of RNAi for sustained protection against plant viruses. Nat Plants 3: 16207 (2017).
Yan S, Qian J, Cai C, Ma Z, Li J, Yin M, et al. Spray method application of transdermal dsRNA delivery system for efficient gene silencing and pest control on soybean aphid Aphis glycines. J Pest Sci 93: 449–459 (2019).
De Schutter K, Christiaens O, Taning CNT and Smagghe G, Boosting dsRNA delivery in plant and insect cells with peptide‐ and polymer‐based carriers: case‐based current status and future perspectives, in RNAi for Plant Improvement and Protection, Vol. 11. CABI, UK, pp. 102–116 (2021).
Geng K, He T, Liu R, Dalapati S, Tan KT, Li Z, et al. Covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis, and functions. Chem Rev 120: 8814–8933 (2020).
Cui X, Wu M, Liu X, He B, Zhu Y, Jiang Y et al. Engineering organic polymers as emerging sustainable materials for powerful electrocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 53: 1447–1494 (2024).
Shi Y, Yang J, Gao F and Zhang Q, Covalent organic frameworks: recent progress in biomedical applications. ACS Nano 17:1879–1905 (2023).
Ding SY and Wang W, Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): from design to applications. Chem Soc Rev 42:548–568 (2013).
Guan Q, Zhou LL, Li WY, Li YA and Dong YB, Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for cancer therapeutics. Chemistry 26:5583–5591 (2020).
Li X, Yadav P and Loh KP, Function‐oriented synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks‐from 3D solids to 2D sheets. Chem Soc Rev 49:4835–4866 (2020).
Wang L, Chakraborty J, Rawat KS, Deng M, Sun J, Wang Y, et al. Totally conjugated and coplanar covalent organic frameworks as photocatalysts for water purification: reduction of Cr (VI) while oxidizing water borne organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 359: 130368 (2025).
Deng M, Wang L, Wen Z, Chakraborty J, Sun J, Wang G et al. Donor–acceptor sp2covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic H2O2production and tandem bisphenol‐a degradation. Green Chem 26: 3239–3248 (2024).
Vyas VS, Haase F, Stegbauer L, Savasci G, Podjaski F, Ochsenfeld C et al. A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light‐induced hydrogen generation. Nat Commun 6: 8508 (2015).
Kordali S, Kesdek M and Cakir A, Toxicity of monoterpenes against larvae and adults of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ind Crop Prod 26:278–297 (2007).
Huang JM, Zhao YX, Sun H, Ni H, Liu C, Wang X, et al. Monitoring and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with special reference to diamides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 174: 104831 (2021).
Chen X, Tian H, Zou L, Tang B, Hu J and Zhang W, Disruption of Spodoptera exigua larval development by silencing chitin synthase gene A with RNA interference. Bull Entomol Res 98:613–619 (2008).
Hauser M, A historic account of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the continental United States, with remarks on their identification. Pest Manag Sci 67:1352–1357 (2011).
Taning CNT, Christiaens O, Berkvens N, Casteels H, Maes M and Smagghe G, Oral RNAi to control Drosophila suzukii: laboratory testing against larval and adult stages. J Pest Sci 89:803–814 (2016).
Xue Q, Samakovli D, Swevers L and Taning CNT, Drosophila X virus‐like particles as efficient dsRNA carriers for improved RNAi against the invasive species, Drosophila suzukii. J Pest Sci 97:429–443 (2024).
Xie GY, Jiang L and Lu TB, Discrimination of cis‐trans isomers by dinuclear metal cryptates at physiological pH: selectivity for fumarate vs. maleate. Dalton Trans 42:14092–14099 (2013).
Rodrigues TB, Mishra SK, Sridharan K, Barnes ER, Alyokhin A, Tuttle R, et al. First sprayable double‐stranded RNA‐based biopesticide product targets proteasome subunit Beta Type‐5 in Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Front Plant Sci 12: 728652 (2021).
Liu X, Wang S, Yu Y, Cheng Y, Hu C, Zhou M, et al. Effects of inhibiting the expression of chitin synthase gene SfCHSB on the metabolism of trehalose and chitin in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Agri 12: 2019 (2022).
Murphy KA, Tabuloc CA, Cervantes KR and Chiu JC, Ingestion of genetically modified yeast symbiont reduces fitness of an insect pest via RNA interference. Sci Rep 6:22587 (2016).
Long G‐J, Liu X‐Z, Guo H, Zhang M‐Q, Gong L‐L, Ma Y‐F, et al. Oral‐based nanoparticle‐wrapped dsRNA delivery system: a promising approach for controlling an urban pest, Blattella germanica. J Pest Sci 97: 739–755 (2024).
Dhandapani RK, Gurusamy D, Howell JL and Palli SR, Development of CS‐TPP‐dsRNA nanoparticles to enhance RNAi efficiency in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 9:8775 (2019).
Ma Z, Zheng Y, Chao Z, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yin M, et al. Visualization of the process of a nanocarrier‐mediated gene delivery: stabilization, endocytosis and endosomal escape of genes for intracellular spreading. J Nanobiotechnology 20: 124 (2022).
Palli SR, RNAi turns 25:contributions and challenges in insect science. Front Insect Sci 3:1209478 (2023).
Silver K, Cooper AM and Zhu KY, Strategies for enhancing the efficiency of RNA interference in insects. Pest Manag Sci 77:2645–2658 (2021).
Kumar NS, Tang B, Chen X, Tian H and Zhang W, Molecular cloning, expression pattern and comparative analysis of chitin synthase gene B in Spodoptera exigua. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 149:447–453 (2008).
Yao Q, Zhang D, Tang B, Chen J, Chen J, Lu L et al. Identification of 20‐hydroxyecdysone late‐response genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway. PLoS One 5: e14058 (2010).
Grant Information: Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent; China Scholarship Council; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: RNA interference (RNAi); covalent organic frameworks; nanocarriers; pest control
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded)
3WJQ0SDW1A (Polyethylene Glycols)
9002-98-6 (Polyethyleneimine)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260421 Date Completed: 20260710 Latest Revision: 20260726
Update Code: 20260726
PubMed Central ID: PMC13352323
DOI: 10.1002/ps.70830
PMID: 42011813
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=15264998&ISBN=&volume=82&issue=8&date=20260801&spage=7667&pages=7667-7678&title=Pest management science&atitle=COF-PEI-PEG%20nanocarriers%20enhance%20dsRNA%20delivery%20to%20improve%20RNAi-based%20insect%20pest%20control.&aulast=Chen%20Y&id=DOI:10.1002/ps.70830
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42011813
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: COF-PEI-PEG nanocarriers enhance dsRNA delivery to improve RNAi-based insect pest control.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+Y%22">Chen Y</searchLink>; Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Deng+M%22">Deng M</searchLink>; COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+Der+Voort+P%22">Van Der Voort P</searchLink>; COMOC-Center for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22De+Schutter+K%22">De Schutter K</searchLink>; Molecular Entomology Lab, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22100898744%22">Pest management science</searchLink> [Pest Manag Sci] 2026 Aug; Vol. 82 (8), pp. 7667-7678. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 21.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Published+for+SCI+by+Wiley%22">Published for SCI by Wiley </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>100898744 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1526-4998 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%221526498X%22">1526498X </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Pest Manag Sci <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: West Sussex, UK : Published for SCI by Wiley, c2000-
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22RNA%2C+Double-Stranded%22">RNA, Double-Stranded*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22RNA%2C+Double-Stranded+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyethylene+Glycols%22">Polyethylene Glycols*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyethylene+Glycols+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyethyleneimine%22">Polyethyleneimine*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyethyleneimine+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Insect+Control%22">Insect Control*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Insect+Control+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22RNA+Interference%22">RNA Interference*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Drosophila%22">Drosophila</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Drosophila+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Sf9+Cells%22">Sf9 Cells</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Foliar application of RNA interference (RNAi)-based products offers a promising strategy for protecting crops against insect pests. This approach involves the direct spraying of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence specific target genes in pests. However, its practical efficacy is constrained by the environmental degradation of the dsRNA, rapid degradation by gut nucleases, inefficient cellular internalization and limited endosomal escape. The integration of nanotechnology with RNAi has emerged as a promising frontier in sustainable pest control, offering improved dsRNA stability, enhanced cellular delivery, and the potential to reduce conventional pesticide use. In this study, we explored the use of a positively charged covalent organic framework (COF)-based nanocarrier functionalized with polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for dsRNA delivery.<br />Results: The resulting COF-PEI-PEG@dsRNA complexes effectively resisted degradation by nuclease-rich midgut extracts. Moreover, COF-PEI-PEG facilitated efficient dsRNA delivery into Drosophila S2 and Lepidopteran Sf9 cells, resulting in significant improvement in target gene knockdown. In vivo, COF-PEI-PEG@dsRNA significantly enhanced RNAi efficacy in Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Drosophila suzukii, although no improvement was observed in Spodoptera exigua.<br />Conclusion: Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of COF-PEI-PEG as effective dsRNA delivery platforms, offering a novel and versatile tool to enhance RNAi-based insect management and fundamental entomological research. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.<br /> (© 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.)
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Zotti M, Dos Santos EA, Cagliari D, Christiaens O, Taning CNT and Smagghe G, RNA interference technology in crop protection against arthropod pests, pathogens and nematodes. Pest Manag Sci 74:1239–1250 (2018).<br />Siddique AB, Rahman MZ, Gain N, Rahman MS and Rahman J, Harnessing double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA): a sustainable approach to pest management. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 31:1237–1257 (2025).<br />Messina E, Registration Decision for the New Active Ingredient Ledprona (Leptinotarsa Decemlineata‐Specific Recombinant Double‐Stranded Interfering Oligonucleotide GS2)(CAS Number: 2433753‐68‐3).US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., USA, 1, pp. 1–21 (2023).<br />Cheng X, Zhou Q, Xiao J, Qin X, Zhang Y, Li X, et al. Nanoparticle LDH enhances RNAi efficiency of dsRNA in piercing‐sucking pests by promoting dsRNA stability and transport in plants. J Nanobiotechnol 22: 544 (2024).<br />Chen Y and De Schutter K, Biosafety aspects of RNAi‐based pests control. Pest Manag Sci 80:3697–3706 (2024).<br />Zhang K, Wei J, Huff Hartz KE, Lydy MJ, Moon TS, Sander M et al. Analysis of RNA interference (RNAi) biopesticides: double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) extraction from agricultural soils and quantification by RT‐qPCR. Environ Sci Technol 54: 4893–4902 (2020).<br />Nitnavare RB, Bhattacharya J, Singh S, Kour A, Hawkesford MJ and Arora N, Next generation dsRNA‐based insect control: success so far and challenges. Front Plant Sci 12:673576 (2021).<br />Kunte N, McGraw E, Bell S, Held D and Avila LA, Prospects, challenges and current status of RNAi through insect feeding. Pest Manag Sci 76:26–41 (2020).<br />Xue Q, Li J, Vereecken S, Li Q, Zhi Z, Dubruel P, Taning CNT et al. Functionally modified graphene oxide as an alternative nanovehicle for enhanced dsRNA delivery in improving RNAi‐based insect Pest control. J Agric Food Chem 72: 22512–22523 (2024).<br />Xie J, Zhang J, Yang J, Wu S, Teng X, Han H, et al. Microfluidic‐based dsRNA delivery nanoplatform for efficient Spodoptera exigua control. J Agric Food Chem 72: 12508–12515 (2024).<br />Saleh TA, Nanomaterials: classification, properties, and environmental toxicities. Environ Technol Innovation 20:101067 (2020).<br />Sadeghi R, Rodriguez RJ, Yao Y and Kokini JL, Advances in nanotechnology as they pertain to food and agriculture: benefits and risks. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 8:467–492 (2017).<br />Li P, Huang Y, Fu C, Jiang SX, Peng W, Jia Y, et al. Eco‐friendly biomolecule‐nanomaterial hybrids as next‐generation agrochemicals for topical delivery. EcoMat 3: e12132 (2021).<br />Zhang X, Zhang J and Zhu KY, Chitosan/double‐stranded RNA nanoparticle‐mediated RNA interference to silence chitin synthase genes through larval feeding in the African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae). Insect Mol Biol 19:683–693 (2010).<br />Mitter N, Worrall EA, Robinson KE, Li P, Jain RG, Taochy C, et al. Clay nanosheets for topical delivery of RNAi for sustained protection against plant viruses. Nat Plants 3: 16207 (2017).<br />Yan S, Qian J, Cai C, Ma Z, Li J, Yin M, et al. Spray method application of transdermal dsRNA delivery system for efficient gene silencing and pest control on soybean aphid Aphis glycines. J Pest Sci 93: 449–459 (2019).<br />De Schutter K, Christiaens O, Taning CNT and Smagghe G, Boosting dsRNA delivery in plant and insect cells with peptide‐ and polymer‐based carriers: case‐based current status and future perspectives, in RNAi for Plant Improvement and Protection, Vol. 11. CABI, UK, pp. 102–116 (2021).<br />Geng K, He T, Liu R, Dalapati S, Tan KT, Li Z, et al. Covalent organic frameworks: design, synthesis, and functions. Chem Rev 120: 8814–8933 (2020).<br />Cui X, Wu M, Liu X, He B, Zhu Y, Jiang Y et al. Engineering organic polymers as emerging sustainable materials for powerful electrocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 53: 1447–1494 (2024).<br />Shi Y, Yang J, Gao F and Zhang Q, Covalent organic frameworks: recent progress in biomedical applications. ACS Nano 17:1879–1905 (2023).<br />Ding SY and Wang W, Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): from design to applications. Chem Soc Rev 42:548–568 (2013).<br />Guan Q, Zhou LL, Li WY, Li YA and Dong YB, Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for cancer therapeutics. Chemistry 26:5583–5591 (2020).<br />Li X, Yadav P and Loh KP, Function‐oriented synthesis of two‐dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks‐from 3D solids to 2D sheets. Chem Soc Rev 49:4835–4866 (2020).<br />Wang L, Chakraborty J, Rawat KS, Deng M, Sun J, Wang Y, et al. Totally conjugated and coplanar covalent organic frameworks as photocatalysts for water purification: reduction of Cr (VI) while oxidizing water borne organic pollutants. Sep Purif Technol 359: 130368 (2025).<br />Deng M, Wang L, Wen Z, Chakraborty J, Sun J, Wang G et al. Donor–acceptor sp2covalent organic frameworks for photocatalytic H2O2production and tandem bisphenol‐a degradation. Green Chem 26: 3239–3248 (2024).<br />Vyas VS, Haase F, Stegbauer L, Savasci G, Podjaski F, Ochsenfeld C et al. A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light‐induced hydrogen generation. Nat Commun 6: 8508 (2015).<br />Kordali S, Kesdek M and Cakir A, Toxicity of monoterpenes against larvae and adults of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ind Crop Prod 26:278–297 (2007).<br />Huang JM, Zhao YX, Sun H, Ni H, Liu C, Wang X, et al. Monitoring and mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with special reference to diamides. Pestic Biochem Physiol 174: 104831 (2021).<br />Chen X, Tian H, Zou L, Tang B, Hu J and Zhang W, Disruption of Spodoptera exigua larval development by silencing chitin synthase gene A with RNA interference. Bull Entomol Res 98:613–619 (2008).<br />Hauser M, A historic account of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the continental United States, with remarks on their identification. Pest Manag Sci 67:1352–1357 (2011).<br />Taning CNT, Christiaens O, Berkvens N, Casteels H, Maes M and Smagghe G, Oral RNAi to control Drosophila suzukii: laboratory testing against larval and adult stages. J Pest Sci 89:803–814 (2016).<br />Xue Q, Samakovli D, Swevers L and Taning CNT, Drosophila X virus‐like particles as efficient dsRNA carriers for improved RNAi against the invasive species, Drosophila suzukii. J Pest Sci 97:429–443 (2024).<br />Xie GY, Jiang L and Lu TB, Discrimination of cis‐trans isomers by dinuclear metal cryptates at physiological pH: selectivity for fumarate vs. maleate. Dalton Trans 42:14092–14099 (2013).<br />Rodrigues TB, Mishra SK, Sridharan K, Barnes ER, Alyokhin A, Tuttle R, et al. First sprayable double‐stranded RNA‐based biopesticide product targets proteasome subunit Beta Type‐5 in Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). Front Plant Sci 12: 728652 (2021).<br />Liu X, Wang S, Yu Y, Cheng Y, Hu C, Zhou M, et al. Effects of inhibiting the expression of chitin synthase gene SfCHSB on the metabolism of trehalose and chitin in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Agri 12: 2019 (2022).<br />Murphy KA, Tabuloc CA, Cervantes KR and Chiu JC, Ingestion of genetically modified yeast symbiont reduces fitness of an insect pest via RNA interference. Sci Rep 6:22587 (2016).<br />Long G‐J, Liu X‐Z, Guo H, Zhang M‐Q, Gong L‐L, Ma Y‐F, et al. Oral‐based nanoparticle‐wrapped dsRNA delivery system: a promising approach for controlling an urban pest, Blattella germanica. J Pest Sci 97: 739–755 (2024).<br />Dhandapani RK, Gurusamy D, Howell JL and Palli SR, Development of CS‐TPP‐dsRNA nanoparticles to enhance RNAi efficiency in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 9:8775 (2019).<br />Ma Z, Zheng Y, Chao Z, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yin M, et al. Visualization of the process of a nanocarrier‐mediated gene delivery: stabilization, endocytosis and endosomal escape of genes for intracellular spreading. J Nanobiotechnology 20: 124 (2022).<br />Palli SR, RNAi turns 25:contributions and challenges in insect science. Front Insect Sci 3:1209478 (2023).<br />Silver K, Cooper AM and Zhu KY, Strategies for enhancing the efficiency of RNA interference in insects. Pest Manag Sci 77:2645–2658 (2021).<br />Kumar NS, Tang B, Chen X, Tian H and Zhang W, Molecular cloning, expression pattern and comparative analysis of chitin synthase gene B in Spodoptera exigua. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 149:447–453 (2008).<br />Yao Q, Zhang D, Tang B, Chen J, Chen J, Lu L et al. Identification of 20‐hydroxyecdysone late‐response genes in the chitin biosynthesis pathway. PLoS One 5: e14058 (2010).
– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent; China Scholarship Council; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>RNA interference (RNAi); covalent organic frameworks; nanocarriers; pest control
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded)<br />3WJQ0SDW1A (Polyethylene Glycols)<br />9002-98-6 (Polyethyleneimine)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260421 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260710 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260726
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260726
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13352323
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1002/ps.70830
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42011813
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42011813
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ps.70830
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 7667
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Drosophila genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sf9 Cells
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RNA, Double-Stranded administration & dosage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyethylene Glycols chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polyethyleneimine chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Insect Control methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RNA Interference
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: COF-PEI-PEG nanocarriers enhance dsRNA delivery to improve RNAi-based insect pest control.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chen Y
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Deng M
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Van Der Voort P
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: De Schutter K
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 08
              Text: 2026 Aug
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1526-4998
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 82
            – Type: issue
              Value: 8
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Pest management science
              Type: main
ResultId 1