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Training alone, driven together: The impact of social identity on physical effort in cycling endurance tasks.

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Τίτλος: Training alone, driven together: The impact of social identity on physical effort in cycling endurance tasks.
Συγγραφείς: Pellet J; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: julien.pellet@ube.fr., Lepers R; CAPS UMR1093, Université Bourgogne Europe, Inserm, Dijon, F-21000, France. Electronic address: romuald.lepers@ube.fr., Vitry F; CAPS UMR1093, Université Bourgogne Europe, Inserm, Dijon, F-21000, France. Electronic address: florian.vitry@ube.fr., Harabi S; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: sofiene.harabi@gmail.com., Bernache-Assolant I; HAVAE UR20217, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, Limoges, 87000, France. Electronic address: iouri.bernache-assollant@unilim.fr., Castel P; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: philippe.castel@ube.fr., Lacassagne MF; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: Marie-Francoise.Lacassagne@ube.fr., Laurin R; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: raphael.laurin@ube.fr., Guyomarch A; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo, CNRS UMR-5549), Toulouse, 31000, France. Electronic address: alan.guyomarch@ube.fr., Pété E; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes, F-44000, France. Electronic address: emilie.pete@univ-nantes.fr., Gérat P; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Ligue AURA, Fédération Française de Rugby, Chaponnay, 69970, France. Electronic address: pierre.gerat@ube.fr., Campo M; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Sport Psychology Department (Pôle PMAS), Fédération Française de Rugby, Marcoussis, 91460, France. Electronic address: mickael.campo@ube.fr.
Πηγή: Psychology of sport and exercise [Psychol Sport Exerc] 2026 Jul; Vol. 85, pp. 103137. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 17.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101088724 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5476 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18785476 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Sport Exerc Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Physical Endurance*/physiology , Bicycling*/psychology , Bicycling*/physiology , Athletic Performance*/psychology , Athletic Performance*/physiology , Social Identification*, Athletes/psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Motivation ; Adolescent ; Female ; Physical Exertion ; Goals
Περίληψη: Achieving high performance in elite sport requires athletes to endure extreme physical and psychological demands. While collective identity is often assumed to enhance commitment to these efforts, many elite athletes must train autonomously, raising questions about the role of social identification in sustaining effort when training alone. This study investigates how social identity influences physical engagement in endurance tasks performed in isolation, examining whether identification with a team enhances perseverance or if individual goal pursuit fosters greater effort. Fifty-four elite youth athletes (36 males; age: 15.7 ± 1.1) from team-based sports (handball, basketball, volleyball, and rugby) performed a cycling time-to-exhaustion test at 80% of their maximal aerobic power under two conditions: one emphasizing personal achievement and another emphasizing team success. Results revealed that athletes persisted longer in the personal identity condition compared to the collective identity condition, with no significant differences in perceived exertion, muscle pain, or time perception. However, athletes in the collective condition reported higher motivation and greater expectations of team success, despite performing less. These findings challenge conventional perspectives on identity processes in sport, suggesting that while identification with a team might boost motivation, it does not necessarily contribute to sustaining physical effort when training alone as personal identity seems to do. Instead, individual goal framing appears to facilitate the ability to sustain physical effort in autonomous settings. This underscores the need for coaches to consider the different effects of identity processes regarding endurance and engagement.
(Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Grant Information: French National Agency of Research
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Endurance performance; Motivation; Perceived exertion; Performance expectation; Team sports
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260419 Date Completed: 20260715 Latest Revision: 20260715
Update Code: 20260715
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2026.103137
PMID: 42001920
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Training alone, driven together: The impact of social identity on physical effort in cycling endurance tasks.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pellet+J%22">Pellet J</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: julien.pellet@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lepers+R%22">Lepers R</searchLink>; CAPS UMR1093, Université Bourgogne Europe, Inserm, Dijon, F-21000, France. Electronic address: romuald.lepers@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vitry+F%22">Vitry F</searchLink>; CAPS UMR1093, Université Bourgogne Europe, Inserm, Dijon, F-21000, France. Electronic address: florian.vitry@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Harabi+S%22">Harabi S</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: sofiene.harabi@gmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bernache-Assolant+I%22">Bernache-Assolant I</searchLink>; HAVAE UR20217, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Limoges, Limoges, 87000, France. Electronic address: iouri.bernache-assollant@unilim.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castel+P%22">Castel P</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: philippe.castel@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lacassagne+MF%22">Lacassagne MF</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: Marie-Francoise.Lacassagne@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laurin+R%22">Laurin R</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France. Electronic address: raphael.laurin@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guyomarch+A%22">Guyomarch A</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Centre de Recherche Cerveau & Cognition (CerCo, CNRS UMR-5549), Toulouse, 31000, France. Electronic address: alan.guyomarch@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pété+E%22">Pété E</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, Nantes, F-44000, France. Electronic address: emilie.pete@univ-nantes.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gérat+P%22">Gérat P</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Ligue AURA, Fédération Française de Rugby, Chaponnay, 69970, France. Electronic address: pierre.gerat@ube.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Campo+M%22">Campo M</searchLink>; Université Bourgogne Europe, Psy-DREPI UR 7458, Centre d'Expertise de la Performance Mentale, F-21000 Dijon, France; Sport Psychology Department (Pôle PMAS), Fédération Française de Rugby, Marcoussis, 91460, France. Electronic address: mickael.campo@ube.fr.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101088724%22">Psychology of sport and exercise</searchLink> [Psychol Sport Exerc] 2026 Jul; Vol. 85, pp. 103137. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 17.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier%22">Elsevier </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Netherlands <i>NLM ID: </i>101088724 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1878-5476 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2218785476%22">18785476 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Psychol Sport Exerc <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: Achieving high performance in elite sport requires athletes to endure extreme physical and psychological demands. While collective identity is often assumed to enhance commitment to these efforts, many elite athletes must train autonomously, raising questions about the role of social identification in sustaining effort when training alone. This study investigates how social identity influences physical engagement in endurance tasks performed in isolation, examining whether identification with a team enhances perseverance or if individual goal pursuit fosters greater effort. Fifty-four elite youth athletes (36 males; age: 15.7 ± 1.1) from team-based sports (handball, basketball, volleyball, and rugby) performed a cycling time-to-exhaustion test at 80% of their maximal aerobic power under two conditions: one emphasizing personal achievement and another emphasizing team success. Results revealed that athletes persisted longer in the personal identity condition compared to the collective identity condition, with no significant differences in perceived exertion, muscle pain, or time perception. However, athletes in the collective condition reported higher motivation and greater expectations of team success, despite performing less. These findings challenge conventional perspectives on identity processes in sport, suggesting that while identification with a team might boost motivation, it does not necessarily contribute to sustaining physical effort when training alone as personal identity seems to do. Instead, individual goal framing appears to facilitate the ability to sustain physical effort in autonomous settings. This underscores the need for coaches to consider the different effects of identity processes regarding endurance and engagement.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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