Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS

Growth and Financial Outcomes of a Remote Physiologic Monitoring Service for Hypertension in the Primary Care Setting.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Growth and Financial Outcomes of a Remote Physiologic Monitoring Service for Hypertension in the Primary Care Setting.
Συγγραφείς: Carroll RK; The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA. rileykathlync@gmail.com.; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. rileykathlync@gmail.com., Coffey CP; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Tayal NH; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Grandominico JM; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Lee NS; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Sabatino JA; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
Πηγή: Journal of general internal medicine [J Gen Intern Med] 2026 Sep; Vol. 41 (12), pp. 3427-3433. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 17.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8605834 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1525-1497 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08848734 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Gen Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Secaucus, NJ : Springer
Original Publication: [Philadelphia, PA] : Hanley & Belfus, [c1986-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Hypertension*/economics , Hypertension*/therapy , Hypertension*/diagnosis , Primary Health Care*/economics , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*/economics , Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*/methods, Remote Patient Monitoring/economics ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male
Περίληψη: Background: Remote physiologic monitoring (RPM) presents a promising solution for hypertension management through efficient blood pressure monitoring outside of the traditional clinic setting utilizing monitors that transmit readings automatically to the healthcare team. Barriers to adoption of RPM include addressing the challenge of managing continuous streams of data, patient capability, and financial sustainability. The impacts of different RPM models on enrollment and financial outcomes are unknown.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to describe the operationalization and expansion of a pharmacist-led RPM service for hypertension in primary care, highlighting its two phases and describing the financial considerations associated with the program.
Design: Retrospective descriptive study using a data analytics platform, operational logs, and chart review of the electronic health record.
Participants: Patients enrolled in the hypertension RPM service from July 1, 2022, to May 21, 2024.
Main Measures: Number of patients enrolled per month, average duration of enrollment for patients in the program, frequency and categorical distribution of RPM codes billed, average charges submitted per patient enrolled, and average reimbursement per patient enrolled.
Key Results: Phase 1, which took place over 14 months, included 140 patients with average charges submitted of $301.46 per patient and average reimbursement of $96.30. The average enrollment duration was 155 days. Phase 2, which took place over 9 months, included 167 patients, with average charges of $412.93 and average reimbursement of $124.17 per patient. Average enrollment duration was 63 days. The categorical distribution of codes billed differed significantly between the two phases (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusions: Using clinic-owned Bluetooth-enabled BP monitors that were reused kept the costs of the program low but may have limited enrollment. Use of vendor-provided cellular-enabled monitors was more costly but may have facilitated additional billing opportunities and program growth. Pharmacists play a central role in delivering RPM services.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Human Ethics and Consent to Participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board with a waiver of informed consent. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.
References: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2026 Jan-Feb;66(1):102971. (PMID: 41183593)
J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Apr 10;3(2):e000718. (PMID: 24721801)
Hypertension. 2023 Oct;80(10):e143-e157. (PMID: 37650292)
J Gen Intern Med. 2025 Dec;40(16):3831-3839. (PMID: 40971075)
Arch Intern Med. 2009 Oct 26;169(19):1748-55. (PMID: 19858431)
JRSM Open. 2017 Feb 01;8(3):2054270416681747. (PMID: 28321319)
Hypertension. 2020 Nov;76(5):1368-1383. (PMID: 32921195)
Hypertension. 2019 Sep;74(3):697-704. (PMID: 31327259)
Am J Med. 2017 Jan;130(1):14-20. (PMID: 27591179)
BMJ Qual Saf. 2016 Dec;25(12):986-992. (PMID: 26369893)
Hypertension. 2025 Apr;82(4):733-742. (PMID: 39886769)
Hypertension. 2006 Mar;47(3):345-51. (PMID: 16432045)
Circulation. 2020 Jul 28;142(4):e42-e63. (PMID: 32567342)
JAMA. 2020 Sep 22;324(12):1190-1200. (PMID: 32902588)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: hypertension; primary care; remote physiologic monitoring
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260417 Date Completed: 20260911 Latest Revision: 20261001
Update Code: 20261001
PubMed Central ID: PMC13569779
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-026-10384-9
PMID: 41998262
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11606-026-10384-9
    Name: EDS - Springer Nature Journals (s7799221)
    Category: fullText
    Text: View record at Springer
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=15251497&ISBN=&volume=41&issue=12&date=20260901&spage=3427&pages=3427-3433&title=Journal of general internal medicine&atitle=Growth%20and%20Financial%20Outcomes%20of%20a%20Remote%20Physiologic%20Monitoring%20Service%20for%20Hypertension%20in%20the%20Primary%20Care%20Setting.&aulast=Carroll%20RK&id=DOI:10.1007/s11606-026-10384-9
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 41998262
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Growth and Financial Outcomes of a Remote Physiologic Monitoring Service for Hypertension in the Primary Care Setting.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Carroll+RK%22&quot;&gt;Carroll RK&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA. rileykathlync@gmail.com.; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA. rileykathlync@gmail.com.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Coffey+CP%22&quot;&gt;Coffey CP&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Tayal+NH%22&quot;&gt;Tayal NH&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Grandominico+JM%22&quot;&gt;Grandominico JM&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Lee+NS%22&quot;&gt;Lee NS&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Sabatino+JA%22&quot;&gt;Sabatino JA&lt;/searchLink&gt;; The Ohio State University Division of General Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%228605834%22&quot;&gt;Journal of general internal medicine&lt;/searchLink&gt; [J Gen Intern Med] 2026 Sep; Vol. 41 (12), pp. 3427-3433. &lt;i&gt;Date of Electronic Publication: &lt;/i&gt;2026 Apr 17.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Publisher: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PB&quot; term=&quot;%22Springer%22&quot;&gt;Springer &lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;i&gt;Country of Publication: &lt;/i&gt;United States &lt;i&gt;NLM ID: &lt;/i&gt;8605834 &lt;i&gt;Publication Model: &lt;/i&gt;Print-Electronic &lt;i&gt;Cited Medium: &lt;/i&gt;Internet &lt;i&gt;ISSN: &lt;/i&gt;1525-1497 (Electronic) &lt;i&gt;Linking ISSN: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;IS&quot; term=&quot;%2208848734%22&quot;&gt;08848734 &lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;i&gt;NLM ISO Abbreviation: &lt;/i&gt;J Gen Intern Med &lt;i&gt;Subsets: &lt;/i&gt;MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Publication&lt;/i&gt;: Secaucus, NJ : Springer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Original Publication&lt;/i&gt;: [Philadelphia, PA] : Hanley &amp; Belfus, [c1986-
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Hypertension%22&quot;&gt;Hypertension*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Hypertension+economics%22&quot;&gt;economics&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Hypertension%22&quot;&gt;Hypertension*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Hypertension+therapy%22&quot;&gt;therapy&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Hypertension%22&quot;&gt;Hypertension*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Hypertension+diagnosis%22&quot;&gt;diagnosis&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Primary+Health+Care%22&quot;&gt;Primary Health Care*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Primary+Health+Care+economics%22&quot;&gt;economics&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Blood+Pressure+Monitoring%2C+Ambulatory%22&quot;&gt;Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Blood+Pressure+Monitoring%2C+Ambulatory+economics%22&quot;&gt;economics&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Blood+Pressure+Monitoring%2C+Ambulatory%22&quot;&gt;Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Blood+Pressure+Monitoring%2C+Ambulatory+methods%22&quot;&gt;methods&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Remote+Patient+Monitoring%22&quot;&gt;Remote Patient Monitoring&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Remote+Patient+Monitoring+economics%22&quot;&gt;economics&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Humans%22&quot;&gt;Humans&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Retrospective+Studies%22&quot;&gt;Retrospective Studies&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Female%22&quot;&gt;Female&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Male%22&quot;&gt;Male&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Remote physiologic monitoring (RPM) presents a promising solution for hypertension management through efficient blood pressure monitoring outside of the traditional clinic setting utilizing monitors that transmit readings automatically to the healthcare team. Barriers to adoption of RPM include addressing the challenge of managing continuous streams of data, patient capability, and financial sustainability. The impacts of different RPM models on enrollment and financial outcomes are unknown.&lt;br /&gt;Objective: The primary objective of this study was to describe the operationalization and expansion of a pharmacist-led RPM service for hypertension in primary care, highlighting its two phases and describing the financial considerations associated with the program.&lt;br /&gt;Design: Retrospective descriptive study using a data analytics platform, operational logs, and chart review of the electronic health record.&lt;br /&gt;Participants: Patients enrolled in the hypertension RPM service from July 1, 2022, to May 21, 2024.&lt;br /&gt;Main Measures: Number of patients enrolled per month, average duration of enrollment for patients in the program, frequency and categorical distribution of RPM codes billed, average charges submitted per patient enrolled, and average reimbursement per patient enrolled.&lt;br /&gt;Key Results: Phase 1, which took place over 14&#160;months, included 140 patients with average charges submitted of $301.46 per patient and average reimbursement of $96.30. The average enrollment duration was 155&#160;days. Phase 2, which took place over 9&#160;months, included 167 patients, with average charges of $412.93 and average reimbursement of $124.17 per patient. Average enrollment duration was 63&#160;days. The categorical distribution of codes billed differed significantly between the two phases (p-value &amp;lt; 0.001).&lt;br /&gt;Conclusions: Using clinic-owned Bluetooth-enabled BP monitors that were reused kept the costs of the program low but may have limited enrollment. Use of vendor-provided cellular-enabled monitors was more costly but may have facilitated additional billing opportunities and program growth. Pharmacists play a central role in delivering RPM services.&lt;br /&gt; (&#169; 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Human Ethics and Consent to Participate: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board with a waiver of informed consent. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they do not have a conflict of interest.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2026 Jan-Feb;66(1):102971. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2241183593%22&quot;&gt;41183593)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Am Heart Assoc. 2014 Apr 10;3(2):e000718. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2224721801%22&quot;&gt;24721801)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hypertension. 2023 Oct;80(10):e143-e157. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2237650292%22&quot;&gt;37650292)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Gen Intern Med. 2025 Dec;40(16):3831-3839. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2240971075%22&quot;&gt;40971075)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arch Intern Med. 2009 Oct 26;169(19):1748-55. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2219858431%22&quot;&gt;19858431)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JRSM Open. 2017 Feb 01;8(3):2054270416681747. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2228321319%22&quot;&gt;28321319)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hypertension. 2020 Nov;76(5):1368-1383. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2232921195%22&quot;&gt;32921195)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hypertension. 2019 Sep;74(3):697-704. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2231327259%22&quot;&gt;31327259)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Am J Med. 2017 Jan;130(1):14-20. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2227591179%22&quot;&gt;27591179)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BMJ Qual Saf. 2016 Dec;25(12):986-992. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2226369893%22&quot;&gt;26369893)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hypertension. 2025 Apr;82(4):733-742. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2239886769%22&quot;&gt;39886769)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hypertension. 2006 Mar;47(3):345-51. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2216432045%22&quot;&gt;16432045)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Circulation. 2020 Jul 28;142(4):e42-e63. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2232567342%22&quot;&gt;32567342)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JAMA. 2020 Sep 22;324(12):1190-1200. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2232902588%22&quot;&gt;32902588)&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Keywords: &lt;/i&gt;hypertension; primary care; remote physiologic monitoring
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Date Created: &lt;/i&gt;20260417 &lt;i&gt;Date Completed: &lt;/i&gt;20260911 &lt;i&gt;Latest Revision: &lt;/i&gt;20261001
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20261001
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13569779
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1007/s11606-026-10384-9
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 41998262
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=41998262
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s11606-026-10384-9
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 3427
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Remote Patient Monitoring economics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Retrospective Studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypertension economics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypertension therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hypertension diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Primary Health Care economics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory economics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory methods
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Growth and Financial Outcomes of a Remote Physiologic Monitoring Service for Hypertension in the Primary Care Setting.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Carroll RK
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Coffey CP
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tayal NH
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Grandominico JM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lee NS
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sabatino JA
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 09
              Text: 2026 Sep
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1525-1497
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 41
            – Type: issue
              Value: 12
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of general internal medicine
              Type: main
ResultId 1