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Beyond disease treatment and prevention: From geroscience and molecular hallmarks to gerotherapeutics and precision geromedicine.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Beyond disease treatment and prevention: From geroscience and molecular hallmarks to gerotherapeutics and precision geromedicine.
Συγγραφείς: Peng LN; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC., Hsiao FY; Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC., Chen LK; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Πηγή: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA [J Chin Med Assoc] 2026 May 01; Vol. 89 (5), pp. 323-333. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 10.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101174817 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1728-7731 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17264901 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Chin Med Assoc Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2019- : [Alphen aan den Rijn, The Netherlands] : Wolters Kluwer Health
Original Publication: Taipei, Taiwan : Chinese Medical Association, c2003-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Geroscience* , Geriatrics* , Precision Medicine*, Aging/physiology ; Humans ; Animals
Περίληψη: Geroscience-the interdisciplinary field investigating the causal relationship between the biology of aging and age-related chronic disease-has undergone a remarkable evolution since its formalization within the United States National Institutes of Health in the early 2010s. Grounded in the recognition that aging is the paramount modifiable risk factor for most noncommunicable diseases, geroscience has produced a coherent molecular taxonomy of aging processes (12 hallmarks), delineated proaging and antiaging molecular pathways (gerogenes, gerosuppressors, and gerozymes), and catalyzed a new clinical vocabulary-geroprotection, gerodiagnostics, and gerotherapeutics. Two institutional milestones anchor the field's translational ambitions: the World Health Organization's (WHO) codification of Ageing-Associated Decline in Intrinsic Capacity as International Classification of Disease (ICD)-11 code MG2A; and the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) acceptance of the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) trial-the first prospective clinical trial designed to delay aging as a composite multidisease outcome, currently underway. The biomarker science of aging has advanced in parallel, from first-generation DNA methylation clocks to organ-specific plasma proteomic signatures capable of predicting various age-related diseases with clinical-grade precision. The gerotherapeutic landscape has expanded substantially. Metformin, which engages more aging hallmarks than any other candidate gerotherapeutic, provided the regulatory impetus for TAME; in a rigorous 40-month multiomics study in cynomolgus monkeys, it decelerated plasma proteomic biological age by 6.41 years-the strongest pharmacological evidence to date for systemic biological age modification in a primate model. Senolytics and senomorphics target senescent cell burden; SGLT-2 inhibitors are notable for their indirect senolytic mechanism, enhancing immunosurveillance of senescent cells glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists attenuate inflammaging; NAD + precursors restore mitochondrial and sirtuin function; and the gerozyme (15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [15-PGDH]) inhibitor offers a mechanistically distinct proregenerative approach with emerging relevance as an adjunct to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Multidomain lifestyle programs address multiple aging hallmarks simultaneously and have demonstrated measurable intrinsic capacity improvement in randomized trials. Building on these foundations, this review proposes the Geroscience-Responsive Aging Care Ecosystem (GRACE)-a three-element service model operationalizing geroscience and gerotherapeutic evidence within the WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework.
(Copyright © 2026, the Chinese Medical Association.)
Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: Dr. Li-Ning Peng and Dr. Liang-Kung Chen, editorial board members at Journal of the Chinese Medical Association , had no role in the peer review process of or decision to publish this article. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.
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Cell. 2025 Apr 17;188(8):2043-2062. (PMID: 40250404)
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Science. 2026 Mar 5;391(6789):1053-1062. (PMID: 41308124)
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Cell Metab. 2024 Feb 6;36(2):354-376. (PMID: 38181790)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Biological age; Geroscience; Gerotherapeutics; Intrinsic capacity; Precision geromedicine
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260410 Date Completed: 20260714 Latest Revision: 20260926
Update Code: 20260926
PubMed Central ID: PMC13193294
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001374
PMID: 41957871
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Beyond disease treatment and prevention: From geroscience and molecular hallmarks to gerotherapeutics and precision geromedicine.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Peng+LN%22">Peng LN</searchLink>; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hsiao+FY%22">Hsiao FY</searchLink>; Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+LK%22">Chen LK</searchLink>; Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Center for Healthy Longevity and Aging Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.; Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital (Managed by Taipei Veterans General Hospital), Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101174817%22">Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA</searchLink> [J Chin Med Assoc] 2026 May 01; Vol. 89 (5), pp. 323-333. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 10.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Wolters+Kluwer+Health%22">Wolters Kluwer Health </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Netherlands <i>NLM ID: </i>101174817 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1728-7731 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2217264901%22">17264901 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Chin Med Assoc <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: Geroscience-the interdisciplinary field investigating the causal relationship between the biology of aging and age-related chronic disease-has undergone a remarkable evolution since its formalization within the United States National Institutes of Health in the early 2010s. Grounded in the recognition that aging is the paramount modifiable risk factor for most noncommunicable diseases, geroscience has produced a coherent molecular taxonomy of aging processes (12 hallmarks), delineated proaging and antiaging molecular pathways (gerogenes, gerosuppressors, and gerozymes), and catalyzed a new clinical vocabulary-geroprotection, gerodiagnostics, and gerotherapeutics. Two institutional milestones anchor the field's translational ambitions: the World Health Organization's (WHO) codification of Ageing-Associated Decline in Intrinsic Capacity as International Classification of Disease (ICD)-11 code MG2A; and the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) acceptance of the Targeting Aging with Metformin (TAME) trial-the first prospective clinical trial designed to delay aging as a composite multidisease outcome, currently underway. The biomarker science of aging has advanced in parallel, from first-generation DNA methylation clocks to organ-specific plasma proteomic signatures capable of predicting various age-related diseases with clinical-grade precision. The gerotherapeutic landscape has expanded substantially. Metformin, which engages more aging hallmarks than any other candidate gerotherapeutic, provided the regulatory impetus for TAME; in a rigorous 40-month multiomics study in cynomolgus monkeys, it decelerated plasma proteomic biological age by 6.41 years-the strongest pharmacological evidence to date for systemic biological age modification in a primate model. Senolytics and senomorphics target senescent cell burden; SGLT-2 inhibitors are notable for their indirect senolytic mechanism, enhancing immunosurveillance of senescent cells glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists attenuate inflammaging; NAD + precursors restore mitochondrial and sirtuin function; and the gerozyme (15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [15-PGDH]) inhibitor offers a mechanistically distinct proregenerative approach with emerging relevance as an adjunct to GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy. Multidomain lifestyle programs address multiple aging hallmarks simultaneously and have demonstrated measurable intrinsic capacity improvement in randomized trials. Building on these foundations, this review proposes the Geroscience-Responsive Aging Care Ecosystem (GRACE)-a three-element service model operationalizing geroscience and gerotherapeutic evidence within the WHO Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) framework.<br /> (Copyright © 2026, the Chinese Medical Association.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Conflicts of interest: Dr. Li-Ning Peng and Dr. Liang-Kung Chen, editorial board members at Journal of the Chinese Medical Association , had no role in the peer review process of or decision to publish this article. The other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to the subject matter or materials discussed in this article.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240335817%22">40335817)</searchLink><br />Lancet Healthy Longev. 2021 Nov;2(11):e712-e723. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236098028%22">36098028)</searchLink><br />Lancet Healthy Longev. 2025 Mar;6(3):100695. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240147475%22">40147475)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2019 Oct 12;394(10206):1376-1386. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231609229%22">31609229)</searchLink><br />Lancet Healthy Longev. 2022 Jun;3(6):e394-e404. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236098317%22">36098317)</searchLink><br />J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2024 May;25(5):757-763.e4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237949432%22">37949432)</searchLink><br />Aging Cell. 2020 Feb;19(2):e13080. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231833194%22">31833194)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2013 Jun 6;153(6):1194-217. 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– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Biological age; Geroscience; Gerotherapeutics; Intrinsic capacity; Precision geromedicine
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260410 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260714 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260926
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260926
– Name: PubmedCentralID
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  Data: PMC13193294
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001374
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
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  Data: 41957871
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=41957871
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  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001374
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 323
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Aging physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geroscience
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Geriatrics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Precision Medicine
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Beyond disease treatment and prevention: From geroscience and molecular hallmarks to gerotherapeutics and precision geromedicine.
        Type: main
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Peng LN
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hsiao FY
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chen LK
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 05
              Text: 2026 May 01
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1728-7731
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 89
            – Type: issue
              Value: 5
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
              Type: main
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