Academic Journal
Trans-dentinal cytotoxicity assessment of adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber system.
| Τίτλος: | Trans-dentinal cytotoxicity assessment of adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber system. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Álamo L; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Stuani VT; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Correa LE; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Braga de Melo CCDS; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil., Soares IPM; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Anselmi C; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., de Souza Costa CA; Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Hebling J; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil., Soares DG; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dianasoares@fob.usp.br. |
| Πηγή: | Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials [Dent Mater] 2026 Aug; Vol. 42 (8), pp. 1430-1442. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 26. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8508040 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0097 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01095641 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dent Mater Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 1998- : Kidlington, Oxford, UK : Elsevier Science Original Publication: Copenhagen : Munksgaard, c1985- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Dentin*/drug effects , Dental Pulp*/cytology , Dental Pulp*/drug effects , Dentin-Bonding Agents*/toxicity , Dental Caries*, Dentin Permeability/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Humans ; Microphysiological Systems ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Materials Testing ; In Vitro Techniques ; Coculture Techniques ; Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate |
| Περίληψη: | Objective: This study evaluated, in vitro, the trans-dentinal cytotoxicity of a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, SBU) applied onto sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD), using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber (APC) on-a-chip system. Methods: Human dentin discs (0.35 mm) from sound (SD) or microbiologically demineralized teeth (CAD) were used in a co-culture model under simulated pulpal pressure into APC-on-a-chip, with MDPC-23 cells seeded on the pulpal surface and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured in 3D collagen gels beneath the dentin. SBU was applied on the occlusal surface in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse (ER) mode and LED-cured (continuous mode). After 24 h, cell metabolism (Alamar Blue), viability (Live/Dead), dentin permeability (Lp), morphology (SEM), and HEMA diffusion (UV-vis) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey or Student's t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: SBU application reduced MDPC-23 metabolism by 71.2% (SE) and 85.7% (ER) on SD, and 46.8% (SE) and 62.2% (ER) on CAD. HDPCs showed similar trends: decreases of 50.2% and 70.1% on SD, and 38.1% and 61.9% on CAD, respectively. Live/Dead staining confirmed increased cell death, especially in SBU-ER groups. CAD discs had ∼82% lower permeability than SD; ER etching increased permeability in both. SEM showed open tubules in SD and demineralized surfaces in CAD. HEMA diffusion was reduced by 36.5% and 54.7% in CAD for SE and ER, respectively. Significance: SBU featured cytotoxicity regardless on dentin condition (SD or CAD), highlighting biological risks of using universal adhesives in deep cavities. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Artificial pulp chamber; Caries-affected dentin; Cytotoxicity; Odontoblast-like cells; Organ-on-a-chip; Universal adhesive |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents) 0 (single bond) 454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260327 Date Completed: 20260714 Latest Revision: 20260714 |
| Update Code: | 20260714 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.dental.2026.03.162 |
| PMID: | 41896115 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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| Header | DbId: cmedm DbLabel: MEDLINE An: 41896115 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Trans-dentinal cytotoxicity assessment of adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber system. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Álamo+L%22">Álamo L</searchLink>; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stuani+VT%22">Stuani VT</searchLink>; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Correa+LE%22">Correa LE</searchLink>; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Braga+de+Melo+CCDS%22">Braga de Melo CCDS</searchLink>; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soares+IPM%22">Soares IPM</searchLink>; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Anselmi+C%22">Anselmi C</searchLink>; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Souza+Costa+CA%22">de Souza Costa CA</searchLink>; Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hebling+J%22">Hebling J</searchLink>; Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soares+DG%22">Soares DG</searchLink>; Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: dianasoares@fob.usp.br. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228508040%22">Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials</searchLink> [Dent Mater] 2026 Aug; Vol. 42 (8), pp. 1430-1442. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Mar 26. – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier+Science%22">Elsevier Science </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>8508040 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1879-0097 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2201095641%22">01095641 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Dent Mater <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Publication</i>: 1998- : Kidlington, Oxford, UK : Elsevier Science<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Copenhagen : Munksgaard, c1985- – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dentin%22">Dentin*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dentin+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dental+Pulp%22">Dental Pulp*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dental+Pulp+cytology%22">cytology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dental+Pulp%22">Dental Pulp*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dental+Pulp+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dentin-Bonding+Agents%22">Dentin-Bonding Agents*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dentin-Bonding+Agents+toxicity%22">toxicity</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Dental+Caries%22">Dental Caries*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Dentin+Permeability%22">Dentin Permeability</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Dentin+Permeability+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cell+Survival%22">Cell Survival</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cell+Survival+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Microphysiological+Systems%22">Microphysiological Systems</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Microscopy%2C+Electron%2C+Scanning%22">Microscopy, Electron, Scanning</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Materials+Testing%22">Materials Testing</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22In+Vitro+Techniques%22">In Vitro Techniques</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Coculture+Techniques%22">Coculture Techniques</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Bisphenol+A-Glycidyl+Methacrylate%22">Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Objective: This study evaluated, in vitro, the trans-dentinal cytotoxicity of a universal adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, SBU) applied onto sound and caries-affected dentin (CAD), using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber (APC) on-a-chip system.<br />Methods: Human dentin discs (0.35 mm) from sound (SD) or microbiologically demineralized teeth (CAD) were used in a co-culture model under simulated pulpal pressure into APC-on-a-chip, with MDPC-23 cells seeded on the pulpal surface and human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) cultured in 3D collagen gels beneath the dentin. SBU was applied on the occlusal surface in self-etch (SE) or etch-and-rinse (ER) mode and LED-cured (continuous mode). After 24 h, cell metabolism (Alamar Blue), viability (Live/Dead), dentin permeability (Lp), morphology (SEM), and HEMA diffusion (UV-vis) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA/Tukey or Student's t-tests (p &lt; 0.05).<br />Results: SBU application reduced MDPC-23 metabolism by 71.2% (SE) and 85.7% (ER) on SD, and 46.8% (SE) and 62.2% (ER) on CAD. HDPCs showed similar trends: decreases of 50.2% and 70.1% on SD, and 38.1% and 61.9% on CAD, respectively. Live/Dead staining confirmed increased cell death, especially in SBU-ER groups. CAD discs had ∼82% lower permeability than SD; ER etching increased permeability in both. SEM showed open tubules in SD and demineralized surfaces in CAD. HEMA diffusion was reduced by 36.5% and 54.7% in CAD for SE and ER, respectively.<br />Significance: SBU featured cytotoxicity regardless on dentin condition (SD or CAD), highlighting biological risks of using universal adhesives in deep cavities.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) – Name: Abstract Label: Competing Interests Group: Ab Data: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Artificial pulp chamber; Caries-affected dentin; Cytotoxicity; Odontoblast-like cells; Organ-on-a-chip; Universal adhesive – Name: NumberCAS Label: Substance Nomenclature Group: ID Data: 0 (Dentin-Bonding Agents)<br />0 (single bond)<br />454I75YXY0 (Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate) – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260327 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260714 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260714 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20260714 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1016/j.dental.2026.03.162 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 41896115 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.dental.2026.03.162 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: StartPage: 1430 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Dentin Permeability drug effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Cell Survival drug effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Humans Type: general – SubjectFull: Microphysiological Systems Type: general – SubjectFull: Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Type: general – SubjectFull: Materials Testing Type: general – SubjectFull: In Vitro Techniques Type: general – SubjectFull: Coculture Techniques Type: general – SubjectFull: Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate Type: general – SubjectFull: Dentin drug effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Dental Pulp cytology Type: general – SubjectFull: Dental Pulp drug effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Dentin-Bonding Agents toxicity Type: general – SubjectFull: Dental Caries Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Trans-dentinal cytotoxicity assessment of adhesive systems on sound and caries-affected dentin using a microphysiological artificial pulp chamber system. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Álamo L – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Stuani VT – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Correa LE – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Braga de Melo CCDS – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Soares IPM – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Anselmi C – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: de Souza Costa CA – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hebling J – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Soares DG IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: 2026 Aug Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1879-0097 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 42 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials Type: main |
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