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Synergistic inhibition and microbial adaptation in anammox systems under long-term salinity and fulvic acid stress.

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Τίτλος: Synergistic inhibition and microbial adaptation in anammox systems under long-term salinity and fulvic acid stress.
Συγγραφείς: Yin W; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Honghe Branch of Yunnan Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, Mengzi 661100, China., Li Y; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China., Pan A; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China., Wu J; Zhejiang Anmox Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310013, China., Su X; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China., Xiao X; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China., Dong F; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China., Xu L; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China., Chen C; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China., Fu H; Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China., Sun F; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China. Electronic address: faqian@zju.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Bioresource technology [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Jul; Vol. 451, pp. 134498. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 25.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9889523 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2976 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09608524 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioresour Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Barking, Essex, England : New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Applied Science ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Benzopyrans*/pharmacology , Adaptation, Physiological*/drug effects , Stress, Physiological*/drug effects , Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation*/drug effects , Bacteria*/metabolism , Bacteria*/genetics , Bacteria*/drug effects , Ammonium Compounds*/metabolism , Salinity*, Bioreactors/microbiology ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Nitrogen
Περίληψη: Salinity and fulvic acid frequently coexist in high-strength wastewater, yet their combined effects on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) remain unclear. This study evaluated their impacts on reactor performance, microbial community structure, and functional genes. Moderate salinity (5-10 g L-1 NaCl) slightly enhanced anammox activity, whereas higher salinity (15 g L-1) and fulvic acid (> 60 mg L-1) significantly inhibited nitrogen removal. Under such combined stress, specific anammox activity decreased by about 40%, indicating a synergistic inhibition. Extracellular polymeric substances increased by 198%, suggesting a microbial stress-response strategy. Microbial community analysis showed a decline in Planctomycetes by 11%, and enrichment of Proteobacteria by 7% and Chloroflexi by 4%. Metagenomic results revealed suppression of key anammox genes and enrichment of denitrification genes, with quorum sensing and polysaccharide biosynthesis genes increased, suggesting EPS-mediated adaptation under combined stress. These findings provide insights for improving anammox stability in saline and humic-rich wastewater treatment systems.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation; Combined stress; Extracellular polymeric substances; Inhibitory effects; Metagenomics
Substance Nomenclature: XII14C5FXV (fulvic acid)
0 (Benzopyrans)
0 (Wastewater)
N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
0 (Ammonium Compounds)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260327 Date Completed: 20260714 Latest Revision: 20260714
Update Code: 20260714
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134498
PMID: 41895455
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Synergistic inhibition and microbial adaptation in anammox systems under long-term salinity and fulvic acid stress.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yin+W%22">Yin W</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China; Honghe Branch of Yunnan Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, Mengzi 661100, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Y%22">Li Y</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pan+A%22">Pan A</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+J%22">Wu J</searchLink>; Zhejiang Anmox Environment Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310013, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Su+X%22">Su X</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xiao+X%22">Xiao X</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dong+F%22">Dong F</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xu+L%22">Xu L</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+C%22">Chen C</searchLink>; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fu+H%22">Fu H</searchLink>; Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310018, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+F%22">Sun F</searchLink>; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Monitoring and Restoration of Watershed Environment, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China. Electronic address: faqian@zju.edu.cn.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier+Applied+Science%22">Elsevier Applied Science </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>9889523 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1873-2976 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209608524%22">09608524 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Bioresour Technol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Barking, Essex, England : New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Applied Science ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991-
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  Data: Salinity and fulvic acid frequently coexist in high-strength wastewater, yet their combined effects on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) remain unclear. This study evaluated their impacts on reactor performance, microbial community structure, and functional genes. Moderate salinity (5-10 g L<superscript>-1</superscript> NaCl) slightly enhanced anammox activity, whereas higher salinity (15 g L<superscript>-1</superscript>) and fulvic acid (> 60 mg L<superscript>-1</superscript>) significantly inhibited nitrogen removal. Under such combined stress, specific anammox activity decreased by about 40%, indicating a synergistic inhibition. Extracellular polymeric substances increased by 198%, suggesting a microbial stress-response strategy. Microbial community analysis showed a decline in Planctomycetes by 11%, and enrichment of Proteobacteria by 7% and Chloroflexi by 4%. Metagenomic results revealed suppression of key anammox genes and enrichment of denitrification genes, with quorum sensing and polysaccharide biosynthesis genes increased, suggesting EPS-mediated adaptation under combined stress. These findings provide insights for improving anammox stability in saline and humic-rich wastewater treatment systems.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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