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Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) Trait Domains: Psychometric Properties and Cutoffs Based on General Population Norms.

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Title: Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) Trait Domains: Psychometric Properties and Cutoffs Based on General Population Norms.
Authors: Grunert GV; Center for Personality Disorder Research, Mental Health Services (West), Slagelse, Denmark.; Mental Health Services (East), Roskilde, Denmark., Bach B; Center for Personality Disorder Research, Mental Health Services (West), Slagelse, Denmark.; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen.
Source: Journal of personality assessment [J Pers Assess] 2026 Sep-Oct; Vol. 108 (5), pp. 640-647. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 19.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 1260201 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-7752 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223891 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pers Assess Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: London : Informa Healthcare
Original Publication: [Burbank, Calif.] Society for Personality Assessment.
MeSH Terms: Personality Disorders*/diagnosis , Personality Disorders*/classification , Personality Inventory*/standards , International Classification of Diseases*, Humans ; Psychometrics ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Denmark ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Reproducibility of Results ; Aged
Abstract: The ICD-11 classification of Personality Disorder (PD) relies on global severity of personality dysfunction, while up to five trait domains can be specified as individual expressions (i.e. Negative affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia). The 60-item Personality inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) was developed to measure these domains but has not yet been evaluated in Scandinavian context. Using a representative and socio-demographically stratified sample of the Danish adult population (N = 714), this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the PiCD and to provide normative data for clinical cutoffs and interpretation of scores. Results support a four-factor model, including a bipolar dimension of Disinhibition versus Anankastia, which is consistent with previous studies. The hierarchical structure from one global factor to the four specific factors also revealed a conceptually coherent pattern across all four levels. The PiCD domain scores show acceptable internal consistency and significant associations with psychosocial functioning (particularly for Negative affectivity and Detachment scores). The findings overall support the PiCD's utility in assessing ICD-11 trait domains and highlight the importance of representative normative data for clinical application in Scandinavian contexts. Normative data, tentative-cutoffs, and a scoring-key for a clinical interpretive report are provided to guide clinical interpretation and decision-making.
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260319 Date Completed: 20260817 Latest Revision: 20260817
Update Code: 20260818
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2026.2637560
PMID: 41855471
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grunert+GV%22">Grunert GV</searchLink>; Center for Personality Disorder Research, Mental Health Services (West), Slagelse, Denmark.; Mental Health Services (East), Roskilde, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bach+B%22">Bach B</searchLink>; Center for Personality Disorder Research, Mental Health Services (West), Slagelse, Denmark.; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen.
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  Data: The ICD-11 classification of Personality Disorder (PD) relies on global severity of personality dysfunction, while up to five trait domains can be specified as individual expressions (i.e. Negative affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia). The 60-item Personality inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) was developed to measure these domains but has not yet been evaluated in Scandinavian context. Using a representative and socio-demographically stratified sample of the Danish adult population (N = 714), this study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the PiCD and to provide normative data for clinical cutoffs and interpretation of scores. Results support a four-factor model, including a bipolar dimension of Disinhibition versus Anankastia, which is consistent with previous studies. The hierarchical structure from one global factor to the four specific factors also revealed a conceptually coherent pattern across all four levels. The PiCD domain scores show acceptable internal consistency and significant associations with psychosocial functioning (particularly for Negative affectivity and Detachment scores). The findings overall support the PiCD's utility in assessing ICD-11 trait domains and highlight the importance of representative normative data for clinical application in Scandinavian contexts. Normative data, tentative-cutoffs, and a scoring-key for a clinical interpretive report are provided to guide clinical interpretation and decision-making.
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