Academic Journal
Intranasal hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating rizatriptan enhance antimigraine efficacy in an optogenetic spreading depression model.
| Title: | Intranasal hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating rizatriptan enhance antimigraine efficacy in an optogenetic spreading depression model. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Kaya MZ; Neurovascular Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey., Gultekin Y; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey., Celebier M; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey., Soyseven M; Anadolu University, Yunus Emre SHMYO, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Eskisehir, Turkey., Vural I; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey., Oner L; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey., Ayata C; Neurovascular Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Pehlivan SB; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: sbozdag@hacettepe.edu.tr., Harriott AM; Neurovascular Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. |
| Source: | International journal of pharmaceutics [Int J Pharm] 2026 Apr 10; Vol. 694, pp. 126743. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 05. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7804127 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3476 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03785173 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press. |
| MeSH Terms: | Nanoparticles*/chemistry , Nanoparticles*/administration & dosage , Tryptamines*/administration & dosage , Tryptamines*/pharmacokinetics , Tryptamines*/chemistry , Tryptamines*/pharmacology , Cortical Spreading Depression*/drug effects , Migraine Disorders*/drug therapy , Migraine Disorders*/physiopathology, Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer/chemistry ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/administration & dosage ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/chemistry ; Hyperalgesia/drug therapy ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/drug effects ; Animals ; Administration, Intranasal ; Male ; Mice ; Drug Liberation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Triazoles |
| Abstract: | Cortical spreading depression (SD) is the likely cause of migraine aura and a putative headache trigger. Migraine treatments, including triptans and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists, are limited by poor bioavailability. This study evaluates whether intranasally administered poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) encapsulating rizatriptan (RZT) could provide sustained drug release, enhance brain delivery, and improve therapeutic efficacy against periorbital allodynia triggered by optogenetic SD in mice. CGRP (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Given their role as International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Andrea M. Harriott serves on the Board of Directors of the American Headache Society, AmericanMigraine Foundation and Headache Cooperative of New England, has served on Scientific Advisory Boards for Theranica and Abbvie. Melih Z. Kaya and Yakup Gultekin are former co-founders of Nanomy LLC. Mustafa Celebier, Murat Soyseven, Imran Vural, Levent Oner, Cenk Ayata and Sibel Bozdag Pehlivan don’t have anything to declare. |
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| Grant Information: | K08 NS124991 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: CGRP(8-37); Hybrid nanoparticle; Migraine; Optogenetic cortical spreading depression; Periorbital allodynia; Rizatriptan |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 51086HBW8G (rizatriptan) 0 (Tryptamines) 1SIA8062RS (Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer) JHB2QIZ69Z (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide) 0 (Delayed-Action Preparations) 0 (Triazoles) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260307 Date Completed: 20260710 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13174935 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.126743 |
| PMID: | 41794348 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Intranasal hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating rizatriptan enhance antimigraine efficacy in an optogenetic spreading depression model. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kaya+MZ%22">Kaya MZ</searchLink>; Neurovascular Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gultekin+Y%22">Gultekin Y</searchLink>; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Celebier+M%22">Celebier M</searchLink>; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soyseven+M%22">Soyseven M</searchLink>; Anadolu University, Yunus Emre SHMYO, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Eskisehir, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vural+I%22">Vural I</searchLink>; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oner+L%22">Oner L</searchLink>; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ayata+C%22">Ayata C</searchLink>; Neurovascular Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pehlivan+SB%22">Pehlivan SB</searchLink>; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. Electronic address: sbozdag@hacettepe.edu.tr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Harriott+AM%22">Harriott AM</searchLink>; Neurovascular Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227804127%22">International journal of pharmaceutics</searchLink> [Int J Pharm] 2026 Apr 10; Vol. 694, pp. 126743. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Mar 05. – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier%2FNorth-Holland+Biomedical+Press%22">Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Netherlands <i>NLM ID: </i>7804127 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1873-3476 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203785173%22">03785173 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Int J Pharm <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press. – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nanoparticles+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nanoparticles%22">Nanoparticles*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nanoparticles+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines%22">Tryptamines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines%22">Tryptamines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines+pharmacokinetics%22">pharmacokinetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines%22">Tryptamines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines%22">Tryptamines*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Tryptamines+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cortical+Spreading+Depression%22">Cortical Spreading Depression*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cortical+Spreading+Depression+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Migraine+Disorders%22">Migraine Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Migraine+Disorders+drug+therapy%22">drug therapy</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Migraine+Disorders%22">Migraine Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Migraine+Disorders+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Polylactic+Acid-Polyglycolic+Acid+Copolymer%22">Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Polylactic+Acid-Polyglycolic+Acid+Copolymer+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Calcitonin+Gene-Related+Peptide%22">Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Calcitonin+Gene-Related+Peptide+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Calcitonin+Gene-Related+Peptide%22">Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Calcitonin+Gene-Related+Peptide+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Hyperalgesia%22">Hyperalgesia</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Hyperalgesia+drug+therapy%22">drug therapy</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Brain%22">Brain</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Brain+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Brain%22">Brain</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Brain+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Administration%2C+Intranasal%22">Administration, Intranasal</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Mice%22">Mice</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Drug+Liberation%22">Drug Liberation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Disease+Models%2C+Animal%22">Disease Models, Animal</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Mice%2C+Inbred+C57BL%22">Mice, Inbred C57BL</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Delayed-Action+Preparations%22">Delayed-Action Preparations</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Triazoles%22">Triazoles</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Cortical spreading depression (SD) is the likely cause of migraine aura and a putative headache trigger. Migraine treatments, including triptans and calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists, are limited by poor bioavailability. This study evaluates whether intranasally administered poly lactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA) based hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) encapsulating rizatriptan (RZT) could provide sustained drug release, enhance brain delivery, and improve therapeutic efficacy against periorbital allodynia triggered by optogenetic SD in mice. CGRP<subscript>8-37</subscript> was conjugated to the nanoparticle surface (HNP-CGRP<subscript>8-37</subscript>) and RZT encapsulated whitin HNPs (HNP-RZT). were intranasally administered alone or in combination and compared with intraperitoneal CGRP<subscript>8-37</subscript> and RZT. Formulations were characterized for particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, and assessed for in vitro drug release, cytotoxicity, and in vivo brain RZT concentrations. In the acute SD model, periorbital allodynia was evaluated 1 h after a single SD. In the repeated SD paradigm, seven SDs were induced every other day, and periorbital thresholds were assessed up to 6 days after the final SD. HNPs exhibited uniform particle size (&lt;200 nm), positive zeta potential, and low polydispersity. RZT release from HNP-RZT was sustained in vitro. Intranasal HNP-RZT demonstrated prolonged brain RZT retention compared with intraperitoneal RZT. In the acute SD model, HNP-RZT did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.065), whereas intraperitoneal RZT significantly increased periorbital thresholds. In contrast, in the repeated SD model, HNP-RZT demonstrated delayed but persistent suppression of allodynia compared with intraperitoneal RZT. These findings support the potential of intranasal nanoparticle-based delivery to prolong central exposure of RZT and enhance therapeutic durability in chronic SD conditions.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) – Name: Abstract Label: Competing Interests Group: Ab Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Given their role as International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Andrea M. Harriott serves on the Board of Directors of the American Headache Society, AmericanMigraine Foundation and Headache Cooperative of New England, has served on Scientific Advisory Boards for Theranica and Abbvie. Melih Z. Kaya and Yakup Gultekin are former co-founders of Nanomy LLC. Mustafa Celebier, Murat Soyseven, Imran Vural, Levent Oner, Cenk Ayata and Sibel Bozdag Pehlivan don’t have anything to declare. – Name: Ref Label: References Group: RefInfo Data: Headache. 2006 Jun;46 Suppl 1:S3-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216927957%22">16927957)</searchLink><br />Int J Biol Macromol. 2017 Mar;96:687-696. 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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235703403%22">35703403)</searchLink> – Name: GrantInfo Label: Grant Information Group: Grant Data: K08 NS124991 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>CGRP(8-37); Hybrid nanoparticle; Migraine; Optogenetic cortical spreading depression; Periorbital allodynia; Rizatriptan – Name: NumberCAS Label: Substance Nomenclature Group: ID Data: 51086HBW8G (rizatriptan)<br />0 (Tryptamines)<br />1SIA8062RS (Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer)<br />JHB2QIZ69Z (Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide)<br />0 (Delayed-Action Preparations)<br />0 (Triazoles) – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260307 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260710 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260813 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20260813 – Name: PubmedCentralID Label: PubMed Central ID Group: ID Data: PMC13174935 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.126743 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 41794348 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2026.126743 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: StartPage: 126743 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer chemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide administration & dosage Type: general – SubjectFull: Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide chemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: Hyperalgesia drug therapy Type: general – SubjectFull: Brain metabolism Type: general – SubjectFull: Brain drug effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Animals Type: general – SubjectFull: Administration, Intranasal Type: general – SubjectFull: Male Type: general – SubjectFull: Mice Type: general – SubjectFull: Drug Liberation Type: general – SubjectFull: Disease Models, Animal Type: general – SubjectFull: Mice, Inbred C57BL Type: general – SubjectFull: Delayed-Action Preparations Type: general – SubjectFull: Triazoles Type: general – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles chemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: Nanoparticles administration & dosage Type: general – SubjectFull: Tryptamines administration & dosage Type: general – SubjectFull: Tryptamines pharmacokinetics Type: general – SubjectFull: Tryptamines chemistry Type: general – SubjectFull: Tryptamines pharmacology Type: general – SubjectFull: Cortical Spreading Depression drug effects Type: general – SubjectFull: Migraine Disorders drug therapy Type: general – SubjectFull: Migraine Disorders physiopathology Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Intranasal hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating rizatriptan enhance antimigraine efficacy in an optogenetic spreading depression model. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kaya MZ – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gultekin Y – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Celebier M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Soyseven M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Vural I – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Oner L – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ayata C – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Pehlivan SB – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Harriott AM IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 10 M: 04 Text: 2026 Apr 10 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1873-3476 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 694 Titles: – TitleFull: International journal of pharmaceutics Type: main |
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