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The relationship of flexible working arrangements on work-family conflict, work-life balance and organizational commitment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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Τίτλος: The relationship of flexible working arrangements on work-family conflict, work-life balance and organizational commitment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Çivilidağ A; Literary Faculty, Department of Psychology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye., Durmaz Ş; Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Labour Economics and Industrial Relations, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye. serifedurmaz@akdeniz.edu.tr.
Πηγή: BMC psychology [BMC Psychol] 2026 Feb 28; Vol. 14 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 28.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101627676 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-7283 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20507283 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2013]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Work Schedule Tolerance*/psychology , Employment*/psychology , Work-Life Balance* , Personnel Loyalty*, Humans ; Role Conflict ; Working Conditions
Περίληψη: BACKGROUND: Technological advances and the COVID–19 pandemic have fundamentally reshaped the global work landscape, establishing flexible work arrangements (FWAs)—such as schedule flexibility and remote work—as a permanent feature of contemporary employment. This shift necessitates a rigorous quantitative synthesis of how FWAs relate to critical employee and organizational outcomes. This study examines the associations between FWAs and work–life balance (WLB), work–family conflict (WFC), and organizational commitment (OC). METHODS: A systematic review and meta–analysis was conducted across five electronic databases. Initially, 3,777 records were identified. Following the application of strict inclusion and quality criteria, 38 studies from 19 countries (N = 83,951) were selected for analysis. Data were synthesized using the Comprehensive Meta–Analysis (CMA 3.0) software, employing a random–effects model to calculate pooled effect sizes. RESULTS: The findings revealed significant and relatively large positive correlations between FWAs and WLB (r = .39, p < .001) and between FWAs and OC (r = .29, p < .001). Conversely, while the correlation between FWAs and WFC was positive (r= .25), it was statistically non–significant (p > .05). Meta–regression identified between countries the level of economic development as a significant moderator (p < .001), with the positive relationship of flexibility being significantly more pronounced in developed countries compared to developing nations. CONCLUSION: This meta–analysis provides robust evidence that FWAs are an effective strategic tool for enhancing WLB and substantially strengthening OC. However, their impact on reducing WFC remains less conclusive and is highly context–sensitive. Organizations are encouraged to formally adopt and support FWAs to improve employee well–being and foster loyalty, while remaining mindful of the macro–level institutional frameworks that shape flexibility outcomes.
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Flexible work schedules; meta-analysis; organizational engagement; work-family conflict; work-life balance
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260301 Date Completed: 20260627 Latest Revision: 20260627
Update Code: 20260627
PubMed Central ID: PMC13059400
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-026-04216-y
PMID: 41764591
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:2050-7283
DOI:10.1186/s40359-026-04216-y