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A Parapraxis for Our Times: A Proposal Designed to Address Our Current Failure to Recognize and Specify Clinical Differences and the Threat to the Training and Future of Psychoanalysts it Poses.

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Τίτλος: A Parapraxis for Our Times: A Proposal Designed to Address Our Current Failure to Recognize and Specify Clinical Differences and the Threat to the Training and Future of Psychoanalysts it Poses.
Συγγραφείς: Tuckett D; David Tuckett, Robert Schuman Emeritus Professor of Decision-Making, University College London; Visiting Fellow, European University Iity Institute, Florence, Italy; and Distinguished Fellow, British Psychoanalytical Society.
Πηγή: Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association [J Am Psychoanal Assoc] 2026 Aug; Vol. 74 (4), pp. 525-558. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 28.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: International Universities Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505579 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1941-2460 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00030651 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Psychoanal Assoc Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2008- : Thousand Oaks, Ca. : Sage Publications, : International Universities Press
Original Publication: New York, International Universities Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Psychoanalytic Therapy*/education , Psychoanalysis*/education, Humans ; Psychoanalytic Theory
Περίληψη: "Pluralism" makes it difficult for psychoanalysts to know how far what they do in their consulting rooms is different or not to what others who call themselves psychoanalysts do. A consequence is that it is now hard for "psychoanalysts in training" to know what they are supposed to do, if they want to practice "psychoanalysis." What will a psychoanalytic training give you that other therapists don't have? This paper responds to these questions and the challenge Alan Sugarman has posed by suggesting a solution is available. In the age of pluralism, Institutes can plausibly provide high-quality psychoanalytic training if they clarify transparently their intentions and relate them precisely to Freuds' defining criteria of procedure, method and theory. Recent research into defining what psychoanalysts do will be presented. If used, they would permit each institute to state publicly which way of doing psychoanalysis they have adopted in which to train their candidates. Informed and disciplined competition between institutes would then become possible alomg with clear criteria for graduation for "analysts in training." Better and more transparent guidelines for adequate practice could follow (with potential gains for outcome research). Patients would also be enabled to know what to expect.
References: Int J Psychoanal. 1976;57(3):257-60. (PMID: 965159)
Int J Psychoanal. 1958 Mar-Aug;39(2-4):202-10. (PMID: 13574965)
Int J Psychoanal. 2001 Feb;82(Pt 1):3-25. (PMID: 11234112)
Psychoanal Study Child. 1979;34:155-67. (PMID: 504519)
Int J Psychoanal. 1993 Feb;74 ( Pt 1):7-14. (PMID: 8454406)
Int J Psychoanal. 2000 Jun;81 ( Pt 3):429-51. (PMID: 10967768)
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Feb;11(2):127-38. (PMID: 20068583)
Int J Psychoanal. 2003 Aug;84(Pt 4):823-41. (PMID: 13678491)
Nature. 2007 Jan 4;445(7123):27. (PMID: 17203045)
Int J Psychoanal. 1960 Jan-Feb;41:16-33. (PMID: 14417912)
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1972 Apr;20(2):267-301. (PMID: 5018001)
Int J Psychoanal. 1979;60(1):3-27. (PMID: 457340)
Behav Brain Sci. 2007 Jun;30(3):299-313; discussion 313-51. (PMID: 17963565)
Int J Psychoanal. 1975;56(1):1-22. (PMID: 1158564)
Int J Psychoanal. 2001 Feb;82(Pt 1):129-40. (PMID: 11234106)
Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1997 May;123(2):133-67. (PMID: 9204544)
Int J Psychoanal. 2019 Oct;100(5):852-876. (PMID: 33952107)
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2025 Nov 18;:30651251382960. (PMID: 41251081)
Int J Psychoanal. 2012 Aug;93(4):819-35. (PMID: 22900551)
Psychoanal Q. 1965 Apr;34:155-81. (PMID: 14302976)
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Mar;1124:39-60. (PMID: 18400923)
Int J Psychoanal. 2019 Dec;100(6):1102-1116. (PMID: 33945722)
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1953 Jan;1(1):104-43. (PMID: 13022436)
Int J Psychoanal. 2018 Feb;99(1):58-81. (PMID: 28758204)
Int J Psychoanal. 1997 Aug;78 ( Pt 4):719-32. (PMID: 9306185)
J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1979;27 Suppl:207-39. (PMID: 263966)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Freud; criteria; pluralism; training
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260228 Date Completed: 20260715 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC13373281
DOI: 10.1177/00030651261418018
PMID: 41761785
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: A Parapraxis for Our Times: A Proposal Designed to Address Our Current Failure to Recognize and Specify Clinical Differences and the Threat to the Training and Future of Psychoanalysts it Poses.
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  Data: "Pluralism" makes it difficult for psychoanalysts to know how far what they do in their consulting rooms is different or not to what others who call themselves psychoanalysts do. A consequence is that it is now hard for "psychoanalysts in training" to know what they are supposed to do, if they want to practice "psychoanalysis." What will a psychoanalytic training give you that other therapists don't have? This paper responds to these questions and the challenge Alan Sugarman has posed by suggesting a solution is available. In the age of pluralism, Institutes can plausibly provide high-quality psychoanalytic training if they clarify transparently their intentions and relate them precisely to Freuds' defining criteria of procedure, method and theory. Recent research into defining what psychoanalysts do will be presented. If used, they would permit each institute to state publicly which way of doing psychoanalysis they have adopted in which to train their candidates. Informed and disciplined competition between institutes would then become possible alomg with clear criteria for graduation for "analysts in training." Better and more transparent guidelines for adequate practice could follow (with potential gains for outcome research). Patients would also be enabled to know what to expect.
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  Data: Int J Psychoanal. 1976;57(3):257-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22965159%22">965159)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 1958 Mar-Aug;39(2-4):202-10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2213574965%22">13574965)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2001 Feb;82(Pt 1):3-25. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211234112%22">11234112)</searchLink><br />Psychoanal Study Child. 1979;34:155-67. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22504519%22">504519)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 1993 Feb;74 ( Pt 1):7-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228454406%22">8454406)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2000 Jun;81 ( Pt 3):429-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210967768%22">10967768)</searchLink><br />Nat Rev Neurosci. 2010 Feb;11(2):127-38. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220068583%22">20068583)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2003 Aug;84(Pt 4):823-41. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2213678491%22">13678491)</searchLink><br />Nature. 2007 Jan 4;445(7123):27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217203045%22">17203045)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 1960 Jan-Feb;41:16-33. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2214417912%22">14417912)</searchLink><br />J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1972 Apr;20(2):267-301. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%225018001%22">5018001)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 1979;60(1):3-27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22457340%22">457340)</searchLink><br />Behav Brain Sci. 2007 Jun;30(3):299-313; discussion 313-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217963565%22">17963565)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 1975;56(1):1-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%221158564%22">1158564)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2001 Feb;82(Pt 1):129-40. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211234106%22">11234106)</searchLink><br />Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr. 1997 May;123(2):133-67. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229204544%22">9204544)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2019 Oct;100(5):852-876. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233952107%22">33952107)</searchLink><br />J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 2025 Nov 18;:30651251382960. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241251081%22">41251081)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2012 Aug;93(4):819-35. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222900551%22">22900551)</searchLink><br />Psychoanal Q. 1965 Apr;34:155-81. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2214302976%22">14302976)</searchLink><br />Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Mar;1124:39-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218400923%22">18400923)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2019 Dec;100(6):1102-1116. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233945722%22">33945722)</searchLink><br />J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1953 Jan;1(1):104-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2213022436%22">13022436)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 2018 Feb;99(1):58-81. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228758204%22">28758204)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychoanal. 1997 Aug;78 ( Pt 4):719-32. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229306185%22">9306185)</searchLink><br />J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1979;27 Suppl:207-39. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22263966%22">263966)</searchLink>
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