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Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation Dissociates the Causal Roles of the Parietal Cortex in Spatial and Temporal Processing.

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Title: Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation Dissociates the Causal Roles of the Parietal Cortex in Spatial and Temporal Processing.
Authors: Sugimoto M; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, The University of Osaka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, Japan., Kimura I; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen 2650, Denmark., Hayashi MJ; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, The University of Osaka, Suita 565-0871, Japan mjhgml@gmail.com.; Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Source: ENeuro [eNeuro] 2026 Mar 13; Vol. 13 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 13 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Society for Neuroscience Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101647362 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2373-2822 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23732822 NLM ISO Abbreviation: eNeuro Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Washington, DC] : Society for Neuroscience, [2014]-
MeSH Terms: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation*/methods , Parietal Lobe*/physiology , Time Perception*/physiology , Space Perception*/physiology, Discrimination, Psychological/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Young Adult
Abstract: Accurate time estimation is essential for optimizing our perception and actions. Previous neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have suggested that the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and supplementary motor area (SMA) are involved in time perception. However, it remains inconclusive whether the activity in these regions is crucial for time perception, partly due to the possible spread of TMS effects across anatomically connected brain regions. Such a remote effect is less likely to happen with transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS), as the static magnetic field is expected to modulate the firing threshold of neurons rather than directly triggering an action potential. In this study, we aimed to determine the causal relevance of local activities in the right IPL and the SMA for temporal processing using tSMS. Forty-eight human volunteers (26 males and 22 females) participated in the study. We measured duration discrimination thresholds, along with orientation discrimination thresholds, using staircase methods before and during the administration of tSMS over the IPL/SMA. Our results indicated no significant changes in duration discrimination thresholds in either the IPL or SMA conditions. In contrast, we observed an improvement in orientation discrimination thresholds in the IPL condition. This improvement correlated with individual differences in the distance between the scalp and the IPL. Overall, our findings demonstrate a causal involvement of the IPL in orientation processing. The correlation between the effects of tSMS and the scalp-to-target distance suggests that the efficacy of tSMS may be sensitive to the magnetic field strength.
(Copyright © 2026 Sugimoto et al.)
Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 8;11(1):5370. (PMID: 33686102)
Neuropsychologia. 2015 Dec;79(Pt A):86-96. (PMID: 26511624)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Nov;26(11):2530-9. (PMID: 24893743)
J Neurosci. 2011 Mar 9;31(10):3805-12. (PMID: 21389235)
Exp Brain Res. 2011 Oct;214(4):577-86. (PMID: 21904928)
Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Sep;34(3):721-737. (PMID: 37594695)
Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Dec;126(12):2314-9. (PMID: 25792074)
Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 15;49(2):1728-40. (PMID: 19800975)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Aug;26(8):1685-93. (PMID: 24456398)
Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Mar;34(1):277-298. (PMID: 36857010)
Front Integr Neurosci. 2011 Jul 12;5:31. (PMID: 21808611)
Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 24;13(1):20674. (PMID: 38001253)
J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 16;29(50):15721-6. (PMID: 20016087)
Front Psychol. 2013 Jan 10;3:606. (PMID: 23335907)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2023 Mar 1;35(3):439-451. (PMID: 36603037)
Neuropsychologia. 2018 Jan 31;109:255-261. (PMID: 29274342)
Neuroimage. 2021 Aug 15;237:118093. (PMID: 33940146)
Neural Plast. 2016;2016:6890674. (PMID: 26881127)
Neuroscience. 2008 Aug 26;155(3):914-22. (PMID: 18627788)
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2003;39(2):163-73. (PMID: 14515021)
Commun Biol. 2018 Dec 21;1:233. (PMID: 30588512)
Brain Stimul. 2018 Jul - Aug;11(4):676-688. (PMID: 29500043)
J Neurosci. 2024 Feb 28;44(9):. (PMID: 38302440)
J Neurophysiol. 2011 Nov;106(5):2108-19. (PMID: 21775720)
J Neurosci. 2012 Aug 29;32(35):12258-67. (PMID: 22933807)
Commun Biol. 2019 Oct 31;2:397. (PMID: 31701026)
Mol Psychiatry. 2024 May;29(5):1228-1240. (PMID: 38317012)
Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Aug;140:59-97. (PMID: 35738037)
Behav Brain Res. 2009 Sep 14;202(2):153-61. (PMID: 19463696)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2013 Feb;25(2):157-74. (PMID: 23066733)
J Neurosci. 2020 Sep 30;40(40):7749-7758. (PMID: 32928883)
Front Neurosci. 2020 May 19;14:419. (PMID: 32508563)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2010 Jan;22(1):23-31. (PMID: 19199426)
Cortex. 2016 Sep;82:263-276. (PMID: 27424061)
Cereb Cortex. 2014 Apr;24(4):1009-16. (PMID: 23236203)
J Physiol. 2011 Oct 15;589(Pt 20):4949-58. (PMID: 21807616)
Neuroscience. 2014 Oct 10;278:302-12. (PMID: 25168726)
Neuroimage. 2021 Jan 1;224:117407. (PMID: 32992001)
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Cereb Cortex. 2007 Dec;17(12):2841-52. (PMID: 17337745)
Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:222-5. (PMID: 26736240)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Jun;20(6):1054-62. (PMID: 18211231)
J Neurosci. 2015 Mar 25;35(12):4813-23. (PMID: 25810512)
J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jul;98(1):145-52. (PMID: 17460103)
J Cogn Neurosci. 2017 Aug;29(8):1433-1444. (PMID: 28387589)
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 19;14(1):6597. (PMID: 38504094)
Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 21;8:211. (PMID: 28270782)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: IPL; SMA; spatial processing; tSMS; temporal processing
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260219 Date Completed: 20260708 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC12990845
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0366-25.2026
PMID: 41714144
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Accurate time estimation is essential for optimizing our perception and actions. Previous neuroimaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies have suggested that the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and supplementary motor area (SMA) are involved in time perception. However, it remains inconclusive whether the activity in these regions is crucial for time perception, partly due to the possible spread of TMS effects across anatomically connected brain regions. Such a remote effect is less likely to happen with transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS), as the static magnetic field is expected to modulate the firing threshold of neurons rather than directly triggering an action potential. In this study, we aimed to determine the causal relevance of local activities in the right IPL and the SMA for temporal processing using tSMS. Forty-eight human volunteers (26 males and 22 females) participated in the study. We measured duration discrimination thresholds, along with orientation discrimination thresholds, using staircase methods before and during the administration of tSMS over the IPL/SMA. Our results indicated no significant changes in duration discrimination thresholds in either the IPL or SMA conditions. In contrast, we observed an improvement in orientation discrimination thresholds in the IPL condition. This improvement correlated with individual differences in the distance between the scalp and the IPL. Overall, our findings demonstrate a causal involvement of the IPL in orientation processing. The correlation between the effects of tSMS and the scalp-to-target distance suggests that the efficacy of tSMS may be sensitive to the magnetic field strength.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Sugimoto et al.)
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  Data: The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232142704%22">32142704)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 8;11(1):5370. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233686102%22">33686102)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychologia. 2015 Dec;79(Pt A):86-96. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226511624%22">26511624)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Nov;26(11):2530-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224893743%22">24893743)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2011 Mar 9;31(10):3805-12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221389235%22">21389235)</searchLink><br />Exp Brain Res. 2011 Oct;214(4):577-86. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221904928%22">21904928)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Sep;34(3):721-737. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237594695%22">37594695)</searchLink><br />Clin Neurophysiol. 2015 Dec;126(12):2314-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225792074%22">25792074)</searchLink><br />Neuroimage. 2010 Jan 15;49(2):1728-40. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219800975%22">19800975)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Aug;26(8):1685-93. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224456398%22">24456398)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rev. 2024 Mar;34(1):277-298. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236857010%22">36857010)</searchLink><br />Front Integr Neurosci. 2011 Jul 12;5:31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221808611%22">21808611)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 24;13(1):20674. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238001253%22">38001253)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2009 Dec 16;29(50):15721-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220016087%22">20016087)</searchLink><br />Front Psychol. 2013 Jan 10;3:606. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223335907%22">23335907)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2023 Mar 1;35(3):439-451. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236603037%22">36603037)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychologia. 2018 Jan 31;109:255-261. 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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221775720%22">21775720)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2012 Aug 29;32(35):12258-67. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222933807%22">22933807)</searchLink><br />Commun Biol. 2019 Oct 31;2:397. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231701026%22">31701026)</searchLink><br />Mol Psychiatry. 2024 May;29(5):1228-1240. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238317012%22">38317012)</searchLink><br />Clin Neurophysiol. 2022 Aug;140:59-97. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235738037%22">35738037)</searchLink><br />Behav Brain Res. 2009 Sep 14;202(2):153-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219463696%22">19463696)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2013 Feb;25(2):157-74. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223066733%22">23066733)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2020 Sep 30;40(40):7749-7758. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232928883%22">32928883)</searchLink><br />Front Neurosci. 2020 May 19;14:419. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232508563%22">32508563)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2010 Jan;22(1):23-31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219199426%22">19199426)</searchLink><br />Cortex. 2016 Sep;82:263-276. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227424061%22">27424061)</searchLink><br />Cereb Cortex. 2014 Apr;24(4):1009-16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223236203%22">23236203)</searchLink><br />J Physiol. 2011 Oct 15;589(Pt 20):4949-58. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221807616%22">21807616)</searchLink><br />Neuroscience. 2014 Oct 10;278:302-12. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225168726%22">25168726)</searchLink><br />Neuroimage. 2021 Jan 1;224:117407. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232992001%22">32992001)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2015 Nov;27(11):2281-98. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226226079%22">26226079)</searchLink><br />Cereb Cortex. 2007 Dec;17(12):2841-52. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217337745%22">17337745)</searchLink><br />Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2015;2015:222-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226736240%22">26736240)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2008 Jun;20(6):1054-62. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218211231%22">18211231)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2015 Mar 25;35(12):4813-23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225810512%22">25810512)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 2007 Jul;98(1):145-52. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217460103%22">17460103)</searchLink><br />J Cogn Neurosci. 2017 Aug;29(8):1433-1444. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228387589%22">28387589)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 19;14(1):6597. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238504094%22">38504094)</searchLink><br />Front Psychol. 2017 Feb 21;8:211. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228270782%22">28270782)</searchLink>
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      – SubjectFull: Motor Cortex physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Parietal Lobe physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Time Perception physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Space Perception physiology
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      – TitleFull: Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation Dissociates the Causal Roles of the Parietal Cortex in Spatial and Temporal Processing.
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              Text: 2026 Mar 13
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              Value: 2373-2822
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 13
            – Type: issue
              Value: 3
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: ENeuro
              Type: main
ResultId 1