Academic Journal
Practical Indices for Minimizing External Carbon Demand in Mainstream ANAMMOX: A Sensitivity- and Regression-Based Approach.
| Τίτλος: | Practical Indices for Minimizing External Carbon Demand in Mainstream ANAMMOX: A Sensitivity- and Regression-Based Approach. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Kim S; Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea., Gil K; Department of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea. |
| Πηγή: | Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation [Water Environ Res] 2026 Feb; Vol. 98 (2), pp. e70301. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Wiley Subscription Services on behalf of The Water Environment Foundation Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9886167 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1554-7531 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10614303 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Water Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley Subscription Services on behalf of The Water Environment Foundation Original Publication: Alexandria, VA : The Federation, c1992- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Water Purification*/methods , Nitrogen*/isolation & purification , Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation*, Ammonium Compounds/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Carbon Cycle |
| Περίληψη: | Mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) offers a promising alternative to conventional nitrogen removal processes in municipal wastewater treatment. However, research has largely focused on its potential to reduce oxygen demand rather than external carbon requirements. This study compared the external carbon demand of mainstream ANAMMOX with that of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) and partial denitrification/ANAMMOX (PD/A) processes. Stoichiometric ratios, validated in a laboratory-scale packed-bed biofilm reactor, were implemented in a simulation framework reflecting representative conditions in Korean wastewater treatment plants. A 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 simulation matrix evaluated external carbon demand and its sensitivity to sidestream ammonium concentration (SAC), mainstream ammonium concentration (MAC), mainstream total organic carbon concentration (MTC), and sidestream flow rate (SFR) through gradient-based analysis and regression modeling. Mainstream ANAMMOX reduced external carbon demand by up to ~10.8%-72.2% compared with A2O and ~3.7%-41.2% compared with PD/A, depending on influent loading conditions. SAC and MTC were identified as the dominant drivers of carbon reduction. Notably, higher MAC levels slightly diminished the relative carbon savings due to the increased external carbon requirement for polishing the stoichiometric nitrate byproduct. Three composite indices (sidestream effective nitrogen load index, total effective nitrogen load index, and sidestream contribution ratio [SCR]) were proposed, with SCR exhibiting the highest predictive accuracy. Although the absolute savings are site-specific, these findings suggest that mainstream ANAMMOX can substantially decrease reliance on external carbon sources, and the proposed indices provide practical tools for process evaluation and design optimization. (© 2026 Water Environment Federation.) |
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| Grant Information: | 2022003630005 Korea Ministry of Environment |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: external carbon demand; gradient‐based sensitivity analysis; mainstream ANAMMOX; process simulation; secondary carbon reduction (SCR) |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Ammonium Compounds) N762921K75 (Nitrogen) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260215 Date Completed: 20260309 Latest Revision: 20260309 |
| Update Code: | 20260309 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/wer.70301 |
| PMID: | 41692686 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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