Academic Journal
The Penetration Depth and Bactericidal Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine Iontophoresis in Human Coronal Dentin In Vitro.
| Τίτλος: | The Penetration Depth and Bactericidal Efficacy of 2% Chlorhexidine Iontophoresis in Human Coronal Dentin In Vitro. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Kijsamanmith K; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Electronic address: kanittha.kij@mahidol.ac.th., Satitthummanit N; Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Thotsaphonphaisan C; Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Kurucharoenporn C; Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Ratarsa T; Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Lerdmaneepha V; Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Kanchanathipkhachorn N; Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Klaophimai A; Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Srisatjaluk R; Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkok Thonburi University, Bangkok, Thailand. |
| Πηγή: | International dental journal [Int Dent J] 2026 Apr; Vol. 76 (2), pp. 109439. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 14. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0374714 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1875-595X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00206539 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Dent J Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 2021- : London : Elsevier Original Publication: London : FDI World Dental |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Chlorhexidine*/administration & dosage , Chlorhexidine*/pharmacokinetics , Chlorhexidine*/pharmacology , Iontophoresis*/methods , Dentin*/microbiology , Dentin*/metabolism , Dentin*/drug effects , Anti-Infective Agents, Local*/administration & dosage , Anti-Infective Agents, Local*/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Infective Agents, Local*/pharmacology, Biofilms/drug effects ; Streptococcus mutans/drug effects ; Microbial Viability/drug effects ; Humans ; Microscopy, Confocal ; In Vitro Techniques ; Rhodamines ; Dentin Permeability ; Molar, Third |
| Περίληψη: | Objectives: Iontophoresis could facilitate drug transport into human dentin. This study aimed to investigate the impact of iontophoresis on the penetration depth and bactericidal efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) in human coronal dentin using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Methods: Fifty-one coronal dentin specimens, prepared from 51 extracted intact human third molars, were used in the study, which was divided into 2 series. Series 1 investigated the penetration depth of 2% CHX labeled with rhodamine B dye (CHX + R) in coronal dentin using CLSM, comparing a 5-minute passive treatment and 5-minute iontophoresis (n = 10/group). Series 2: part 2.1 studied the bactericidal efficacy of 2% CHX iontophoresis by determining the percentage of intratubular bacterial viability using CLSM (group 1: noninfected dentin, group 2: untreated infected dentin, group 3: 5-minute distilled water iontophoresis, group 4: 5-minute passive CHX treatment, group 5: 5-minute CHX iontophoresis; n = 5/group); part 2.2 verified the presence of Streptococcus mutans biofilms within dentinal tubules of a dentin infection model by the centrifugation method using scanning electron microscopy (n = 6). The data were analyzed using an independent samples t test (series 1) and a 1-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test (series 2), with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Five-minute iontophoresis (713.31 ± 169.45 μm) exhibited deeper penetration of CHX + R in coronal dentin than 5-minute passive treatment (199.54 ± 36.83 μm, P < .001). Also, 5-minute CHX iontophoresis could reduce the percentage of intratubular bacterial viability more than 5-minute passive CHX treatment (P < .001); meanwhile, 5-minute distilled water iontophoresis could not show this effect (P = .994). Conclusions: Anode iontophoresis could increase the penetration depth and bactericidal efficacy of 2% CHX in human coronal dentin. Clinical Relevance: A 2% CHX iontophoresis has potential use in reducing the viability of intratubular bacteria in human coronal dentin. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Chlorhexidine; Confocal laser scanning microscopy; Dentin disinfection; Dentinal tubules; Iontophoresis; Penetration depth |
| Substance Nomenclature: | R4KO0DY52L (Chlorhexidine) 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Local) 0 (Rhodamines) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260215 Date Completed: 20260707 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12925274 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.identj.2026.109439 |
| PMID: | 41691851 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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