Academic Journal
The time-place maze: A novel behavioral apparatus for assessing integrated spatial-temporal processing in rats.
| Τίτλος: | The time-place maze: A novel behavioral apparatus for assessing integrated spatial-temporal processing in rats. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Amlashi FI; Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Ashkbari A; Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Jahanshahi M; Neuroscience Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran., Sohrabi A; Cancer control research center, Cancer control foundation, Iran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ahmadi-Noorbakhsh S; Comparative Medicine Group, Preclinical Core Facility, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. |
| Πηγή: | PloS one [PLoS One] 2026 Feb 13; Vol. 21 (2), pp. e0340114. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 13 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Maze Learning*/physiology , Behavior, Animal*/physiology , Space Perception*/physiology , Time Perception*/physiology, Hippocampus/physiology ; Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reward |
| Περίληψη: | Behavioral paradigms used to study hippocampal place and time cells typically focus on the perception of either space or time in isolation, rather than the interaction between these two dimensions. To address this gap, we developed the Time-Place Maze (TPM)s, a novel behavioral apparatus designed to require rats to integrate their perception of both spatial and temporal cues to obtain a reward. The maze consists of a start box (it consist Time-door), a reward box, and two connecting bridges of differing lengths. At the beginning of the task, the time-door opens with one of two possible delays: either 0 seconds or 3 seconds. In The short delay (0s) the short path is open to reward, and in the longer delay (3s) the long path is open. The TPM protocol includes three sequential phases: training, screening, and the main experimental phase. During the training phase, rats underwent four daily sessions. In the final phase, each rat completed 100 randomized tests designed to assess integration of time and place information in decision-making. Six adults male Wistar rats (weighing 230 ± 20 g) were included in the training phase; four met the screening criteria and progressed to the main phase. On average, rats required 16.25 corrective interventions during training. In the main phase, success rates across 100 trials ranged from 73% to 82%. Importantly, the total number of corrections in the main phase was significantly associated with overall task success (p = 0.019). These findings support the feasibility and utility of the TPM in animal models. The task provides unique opportunities in behavioral neuroscience research. (Copyright: © 2026 Amlashi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. |
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| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260213 Date Completed: 20260707 Latest Revision: 20260707 |
| Update Code: | 20260708 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC12904371 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pone.0340114 |
| PMID: | 41686854 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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