Academic Journal
Self-reported early-onset menopause among women living with HIV and hypertension in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.
| Τίτλος: | Self-reported early-onset menopause among women living with HIV and hypertension in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Molefe-Baikai OJ; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Kebotsamang K; Department of Statistics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Manyeagae GD; Department of Statistics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Moshomo T; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Mawi M; Department of Statistics, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Mogaetsho E; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Gaolathe T; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.; Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana., Molebatsi K; Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana., Kelepile M; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Kgotlaetsile K; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana., Leeme T; Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana., Gala P; Department of Medicine, NYU Langone Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY., Wang D; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK., Hirschhorn LR; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL., Mosepele M; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.; Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. |
| Πηγή: | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) [Menopause] 2026 Sep 01; Vol. 33 (9), pp. 1023-1030. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 01. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Lippincott-Raven Publishers Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9433353 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-0374 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10723714 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Menopause Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott-Raven Publishers Original Publication: New York, NY : Raven Press, c1994- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | HIV Infections*/epidemiology , HIV Infections*/complications , Hypertension*/epidemiology , Hypertension*/complications , Menopause, Premature*, Botswana/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Self Report ; Prevalence ; Adult ; Menopause |
| Περίληψη: | Objectives: Early-onset menopause has been increasingly observed among women living with HIV (WLWH). However, limited data exist on its prevalence and determinants in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of self-reported early-onset menopause among WLWH in Botswana. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis was conducted as a substudy within the InterCARE cluster-randomized controlled trial among women with HIV and hypertension aged ≥18 years, at 14 HIV clinics in Botswana. Data were collected between January and September 2023 and included sociodemographic, clinical, reproductive history, and HIV parameters. Early-onset menopause was defined as self-reported cessation of menstruation for at least 12 months before the age of 45, unrelated to surgery or pregnancy. A generalized estimating equation model was used to identify independent predictors of early menopause. Results: The mean age (SD) of the 1,088 women enrolled was 59.1 (7.2) years, with 23.7% (n=258) having experienced early-onset menopause. The mean age (SD) at menopause overall was 47.4 (5.5) years and that for early-onset menopause was 40.3 (4.6) years. In adjusted analysis, the only predictor of early-onset menopause was HIV diagnosis before age 35 years (aRR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.06-2.01; P =0.020). CD4 count was inversely associated with the risk of early-onset menopause (aRR 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-1.00; P =0.045). Conclusions: Early-onset menopause is relatively common among WLWH in Botswana and is associated with a younger age at HIV diagnosis. These findings highlight the need for integrated reproductive and HIV care, including screening and management of early-onset menopause to prevent menopause-related complications. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, LLC. on behalf of The Menopause Society.) |
| Competing Interests: | Financial disclosure/Conflicts of interest: None reported. |
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| Grant Information: | UG3 HL154499 United States HL NHLBI NIH HHS |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Botswana; Early-onset menopause; Reproductive aging; Women living with HIV |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260210 Date Completed: 20260826 Latest Revision: 20260826 |
| Update Code: | 20260827 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13502387 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/GME.0000000000002760 |
| PMID: | 41665620 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1530-0374 |
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| DOI: | 10.1097/GME.0000000000002760 |