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Evaluation of Readability of Educational Materials for Coronary Artery Disease and the Impact of Health Literacy on Medication Adherence and Health Outcomes.

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Τίτλος: Evaluation of Readability of Educational Materials for Coronary Artery Disease and the Impact of Health Literacy on Medication Adherence and Health Outcomes.
Συγγραφείς: Gillies K; Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA., Bell A; Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA., McCarthy C; Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA., Toscani M; Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA., Barone J; Rutgers Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Πηγή: Journal of pharmacy practice [J Pharm Pract] 2026 Oct; Vol. 39 (5), pp. 480-487. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 20.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8900945 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-1937 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08971900 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pharm Pract Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2002-> : Thousand Oaks, Calif. : Sage Publications
Original Publication: [Philadelphia, PA] : W.B. Saunders, [1988]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Health Literacy*/standards , Health Literacy*/methods , Coronary Artery Disease*/drug therapy , Patient Education as Topic*/standards , Patient Education as Topic*/methods , Medication Adherence*/psychology , Teaching Materials*/standards , Comprehension*, Humans ; Pharmacists ; Treatment Outcome
Περίληψη: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major problem in the United States, impacting 5% of American adults. Ensuring medication adherence is of vital importance, as lower adherence to cardiovascular medications is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with CAD. Many adults in the United States have poor health literacy, contributing to difficulty comprehending their conditions and potentially the importance of medication adherence. While the EPA recommended grade level for patient education materials (PEMs) is below an eighth grade level, most are written at a much higher level than this, which may cause disparity in patients' level of understanding. The purpose of our review was to benchmark the reading levels of several widely used PEMs to determine if they fell within the recommended guidelines and to discuss the potential role of pharmacists in medication education and adherence. Twenty PEMs relevant to CAD were gathered and their readability was analyzed using the software on Microsoft Word to determine the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) of each PEM. It was determined that 85% of the PEMs ranked higher than the current recommendation, indicating that work needs to be done to ensure adequate patient understanding and adherence. Through pharmacist involvement, industry-wide awareness, and collaborative efforts, adherence to the readability standard can be achieved, improving health outcomes and medication adherence in patients with CAD.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
References: Patient Educ Couns. 2016 Jul;99(7):1079-1086. (PMID: 26899632)
JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Feb 1;174(2):186-93. (PMID: 24247275)
Open Heart. 2019 Jul 3;6(2):e000997. (PMID: 31354954)
Ann Intern Med. 2011 Jul 19;155(2):97-107. (PMID: 21768583)
Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1046-e1081. (PMID: 30565953)
J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2013 Sep-Oct;53(5):520-9. (PMID: 24030130)
Am J Prev Med. 2023 Apr;64(4):561-566. (PMID: 36464556)
Clin Cardiol. 2022 Dec;45(12):1220-1228. (PMID: 36116032)
BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Feb 19;23(1):93. (PMID: 36803662)
Educ Health (Abingdon). 2017 Jan-Apr;30(1):84-88. (PMID: 28707643)
JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Sep 1;178(9):1182-1189. (PMID: 30083727)
J Child Orthop. 2023 May 16;17(3):284-290. (PMID: 37288046)
J Environ Health Sci. 2020;6(1):. (PMID: 33604453)
Circulation. 2023 Aug 29;148(9):e9-e119. (PMID: 37471501)
J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Apr 16;13(8):e030140. (PMID: 38567668)
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:323-9. (PMID: 22563240)
Med Care. 2014 Dec;52(12):1050-4. (PMID: 25322157)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: coronary artery disease; flesch-kincaid measures; health literacy; patient education materials; readability
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260120 Date Completed: 20260822 Latest Revision: 20260824
Update Code: 20260824
PubMed Central ID: PMC13498735
DOI: 10.1177/08971900261416736
PMID: 41556716
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major problem in the United States, impacting 5% of American adults. Ensuring medication adherence is of vital importance, as lower adherence to cardiovascular medications is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with CAD. Many adults in the United States have poor health literacy, contributing to difficulty comprehending their conditions and potentially the importance of medication adherence. While the EPA recommended grade level for patient education materials (PEMs) is below an eighth grade level, most are written at a much higher level than this, which may cause disparity in patients&#39; level of understanding. The purpose of our review was to benchmark the reading levels of several widely used PEMs to determine if they fell within the recommended guidelines and to discuss the potential role of pharmacists in medication education and adherence. Twenty PEMs relevant to CAD were gathered and their readability was analyzed using the software on Microsoft Word to determine the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) of each PEM. It was determined that 85% of the PEMs ranked higher than the current recommendation, indicating that work needs to be done to ensure adequate patient understanding and adherence. Through pharmacist involvement, industry-wide awareness, and collaborative efforts, adherence to the readability standard can be achieved, improving health outcomes and medication adherence in patients with CAD.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
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  Data: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
– Name: Ref
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  Data: Patient Educ Couns. 2016 Jul;99(7):1079-1086. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2226899632%22&quot;&gt;26899632)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JAMA Intern Med. 2014 Feb 1;174(2):186-93. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2224247275%22&quot;&gt;24247275)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Open Heart. 2019 Jul 3;6(2):e000997. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2231354954%22&quot;&gt;31354954)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ann Intern Med. 2011 Jul 19;155(2):97-107. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2221768583%22&quot;&gt;21768583)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1046-e1081. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2230565953%22&quot;&gt;30565953)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2013 Sep-Oct;53(5):520-9. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2224030130%22&quot;&gt;24030130)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Am J Prev Med. 2023 Apr;64(4):561-566. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2236464556%22&quot;&gt;36464556)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Clin Cardiol. 2022 Dec;45(12):1220-1228. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2236116032%22&quot;&gt;36116032)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Feb 19;23(1):93. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2236803662%22&quot;&gt;36803662)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Educ Health (Abingdon). 2017 Jan-Apr;30(1):84-88. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2228707643%22&quot;&gt;28707643)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Sep 1;178(9):1182-1189. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2230083727%22&quot;&gt;30083727)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Child Orthop. 2023 May 16;17(3):284-290. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2237288046%22&quot;&gt;37288046)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Environ Health Sci. 2020;6(1):. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2233604453%22&quot;&gt;33604453)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Circulation. 2023 Aug 29;148(9):e9-e119. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2237471501%22&quot;&gt;37471501)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Am Heart Assoc. 2024 Apr 16;13(8):e030140. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2238567668%22&quot;&gt;38567668)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Patient Prefer Adherence. 2012;6:323-9. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2222563240%22&quot;&gt;22563240)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Med Care. 2014 Dec;52(12):1050-4. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2225322157%22&quot;&gt;25322157)&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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        Type: general
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