Academic Journal
Timing and type of menopause are not risk factors for the onset of diabetes: a UK Biobank cohort study.
| Τίτλος: | Timing and type of menopause are not risk factors for the onset of diabetes: a UK Biobank cohort study. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Quesada JA; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain., Bertomeu-Gonzalez V; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Clínico de Benidorm, Benidorm, Spain., Cordero A; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Cardiology, San Juan University Hospital, San Juan, Alicante, Spain.; Biomedical Research Center in Cardiovascular Diseases Network (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain., Ruiz-Nodar JM; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Cardiology, Dr. Balmis University Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain., Sanchez-Ferrer F; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics, and Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Medicine, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain., Lopez-Ayala JM; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Cardiology, San Juan University Hospital, San Juan, Alicante, Spain., Cazorla D; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Cardiology, Denia Hospital, Alicante, Spain., Soriano-Maldonado C; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Primary Care Department of Muchamiel, Alicante, Spain., Arrarte V; GRINCAVA Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.; Department of Cardiology, Dr. Balmis University Hospital of Alicante, Alicante, Spain. |
| Πηγή: | Menopause (New York, N.Y.) [Menopause] 2026 Jun 01; Vol. 33 (6), pp. 727-732. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 01. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Lippincott-Raven Publishers Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9433353 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1530-0374 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10723714 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Menopause Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott-Raven Publishers Original Publication: New York, NY : Raven Press, c1994- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Menopause*/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/etiology, United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Age Factors ; UK Biobank ; Menopause, Premature ; Time Factors ; Incidence ; Biological Specimen Banks |
| Περίληψη: | Objectives: Early and premature menopause are positively associated with coronary heart disease and stroke, but there is less evidence regarding its relationship with the onset of diabetes. The primary objective of this study is to assess the association between the timing and type of menopause and the possible development of type 1 or 2 diabetes. Methods: Participants from the UK Biobank were enrolled between 2006 and 2010, with follow-up to the end of 2023. The outcome variable was diagnosis of type 1 or 2 diabetes during follow-up, and the main explanatory variable was age at menopause (normal above 45 y, early 40-45 y, and premature below 40 y). Behavioral factors, comorbidities, and blood tests were also collected. Survival models with Weibull distribution were fitted to the time of diabetes onset. Results: Of the 146,764 women analyzed over a mean follow-up of 14.5 years, 6,598 women developed diabetes (cumulative incidence 4.5%). Rates were higher in women with earlier menopause (4.2% at age above 45 y, 5.2% at ages 40-45 y, and 7.4% before age 40); however, the multivariate analysis showed no independent association (40-45 y: hazard ratio: 1.00; <40 y, hazard ratio: 0.97), taking the normal age of menopause as the reference. Surgical menopause was likewise not associated with a greater risk of diabetes compared with natural menopause. Conclusions: In a large cohort of women with long-term follow-up, no independent or clinically significant relationship between age or type of menopause and the onset of diabetes was observed. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Menopause Society.) |
| Competing Interests: | Financial disclosures/Conflicts of interest: None reported. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular risk; Diabetes; Premature menopause |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260113 Date Completed: 20260626 Latest Revision: 20260626 |
| Update Code: | 20260626 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/GME.0000000000002720 |
| PMID: | 41529134 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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