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Probability cueing in large-scale environmental search: The role of landmark cues in statistical learning.

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Τίτλος: Probability cueing in large-scale environmental search: The role of landmark cues in statistical learning.
Συγγραφείς: Dordoy S; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth., Baxter R; Brain Research and Imaging Centre, University of Plymouth., Smith AD; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth.
Πηγή: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition [J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn] 2026 Sep; Vol. 52 (9), pp. 1562-1584. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 08.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8207540 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1939-1285 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02787393 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association, [c1982-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Space Perception*/physiology , Cues* , Probability Learning* , Environment*, Attention/physiology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Probability ; Photic Stimulation
Περίληψη: Efficient environmental search is an important and adaptive everyday skill. A particular feature of theoretical interest is whether large-scale search is informed by the spatial statistics of the environment-probability cueing is a robust effect in two-dimensional visual search tasks, but studies of large-scale search have generated equivocal findings. Here, we examined whether sensitivity to a statistical cue specified within an allocentric reference frame is modulated by the presence and location of environmental landmarks. Participants explored fully immersive virtual environments, wherein they were presented with an array of locations (columns) and required to search them for a hidden target (i.e., the column that changed color upon activation). A target was present on each trial, appearing within the cued hemispace on 80% of trials. In Experiment 1, the array was surrounded by a featureless circular wall, and participants exhibited no reliable cueing effects. Experiments 2 and 3 introduced a stable landmark into the environment and manipulated its location to be either orthogonal or adjacent to the cued hemispace. Participants reliably biased their search in response to the probability cue, although learning was only observed when the landmark was positioned along the axis orthogonal to the midline separating hemispaces. These findings suggest that adapting search behavior in response to a statistical cue is facilitated by the presence of a stable landmark when it is specified independently of the searcher's viewpoint, although this is dependent upon the spatial relationship between the landmark and the distribution itself. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Grant Information: University of Plymouth; School of Psychology
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260108 Date Completed: 20260806 Latest Revision: 20260806
Update Code: 20260807
DOI: 10.1037/xlm0001573
PMID: 41505289
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Probability cueing in large-scale environmental search: The role of landmark cues in statistical learning.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dordoy+S%22">Dordoy S</searchLink>; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baxter+R%22">Baxter R</searchLink>; Brain Research and Imaging Centre, University of Plymouth.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Smith+AD%22">Smith AD</searchLink>; School of Psychology, University of Plymouth.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228207540%22">Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition</searchLink> [J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn] 2026 Sep; Vol. 52 (9), pp. 1562-1584. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jan 08.
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Washington, D.C. : American Psychological Association, [c1982-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Space+Perception%22">Space Perception*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Space+Perception+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Cues%22">Cues*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Probability+Learning%22">Probability Learning*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Environment%22">Environment*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Attention%22">Attention</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Attention+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Young+Adult%22">Young Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Probability%22">Probability</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Photic+Stimulation%22">Photic Stimulation</searchLink>
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  Data: Efficient environmental search is an important and adaptive everyday skill. A particular feature of theoretical interest is whether large-scale search is informed by the spatial statistics of the environment-probability cueing is a robust effect in two-dimensional visual search tasks, but studies of large-scale search have generated equivocal findings. Here, we examined whether sensitivity to a statistical cue specified within an allocentric reference frame is modulated by the presence and location of environmental landmarks. Participants explored fully immersive virtual environments, wherein they were presented with an array of locations (columns) and required to search them for a hidden target (i.e., the column that changed color upon activation). A target was present on each trial, appearing within the cued hemispace on 80% of trials. In Experiment 1, the array was surrounded by a featureless circular wall, and participants exhibited no reliable cueing effects. Experiments 2 and 3 introduced a stable landmark into the environment and manipulated its location to be either orthogonal or adjacent to the cued hemispace. Participants reliably biased their search in response to the probability cue, although learning was only observed when the landmark was positioned along the axis orthogonal to the midline separating hemispaces. These findings suggest that adapting search behavior in response to a statistical cue is facilitated by the presence of a stable landmark when it is specified independently of the searcher's viewpoint, although this is dependent upon the spatial relationship between the landmark and the distribution itself. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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        Value: 10.1037/xlm0001573
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Photic Stimulation
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      – SubjectFull: Space Perception physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Cues
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      – SubjectFull: Probability Learning
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      – SubjectFull: Environment
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      – TitleFull: Probability cueing in large-scale environmental search: The role of landmark cues in statistical learning.
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              Text: 2026 Sep
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