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Bidirectional Interference Between Spatial and Temporal Processing: Evidence From a Distracting Dual-Task Paradigm.

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Τίτλος: Bidirectional Interference Between Spatial and Temporal Processing: Evidence From a Distracting Dual-Task Paradigm.
Συγγραφείς: Hallez Q; Laboratory DIPHE (Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Éducation), University Lumière Lyon 2.; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron., Öztel T; Department of Psychology, George Mason University.; Department of Psychology, Koç University., Balcı F; Department of Psychology, Koç University.; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba.
Πηγή: Cognitive science [Cogn Sci] 2025 Dec; Vol. 49 (12), pp. e70156.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7708195 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1551-6709 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03640213 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2009-: Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: Norwood, N. J., Ablex Pub. Corp.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Attention*/physiology , Space Perception*/physiology , Time Perception*/physiology, Reaction Time/physiology ; Judgment/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult
Περίληψη: The relationship between spatial and temporal processing remains a topic of ongoing debate. While several theories propose an asymmetrical influence of space on time, others suggest a bidirectional relationship with shared cognitive resources. This study introduces a novel paradigm that compares a single-task baseline with a distracting "dual-task" condition to deconstruct the nature of this interplay. Participants reproduced either the duration or the spatial configuration of visual sequences in which one (single task) or two dimensions (distracting dual task) were presented. Results revealed a significant general processing cost, with performance worsening for both time and space judgments when the other dimension was present. More interestingly, results also revealed content-dependent interference between the two dimensions, with the magnitude of the irrelevant dimension systematically modulating judgments of the target dimension. The evidence for bidirectional, content-dependent interference challenges the notion of a purely asymmetrical relationship. Overall, by dissociating general processing costs from specific interference, we provide a more nuanced model of the highly interconnected, bidirectional relationship between space and time.
(© 2025 Cognitive Science Society LLC.)
References: Boroditsky, L. (2000). Metaphoric structuring: Understanding time through spatial metaphors. Cognition, 75(1), 1–28.
Block, R. A., Hancock, P. A., & Zakay, D. (2010). How cognitive load affects duration judgments: A meta‐analytic review. Acta Psychologica, 134(3), 330–343.
Bueti, D., & Walsh, V. (2009). The parietal cortex and the representation of time, space, number and other magnitudes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1831–1840.
Capizzi, M., Chica, A. B., Lupiáñez, J., & Charras, P. (2023). Attention to space and time: Independent or interactive systems? A narrative review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(6), 2030–2048.
Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L. (2008). Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106(2), 579–593.
Casasanto, D., Fotakopoulou, O., & Boroditsky, L. (2010). Space and time in the child's mind: Evidence for a cross‐dimensional asymmetry. Cognitive Science, 34(3), 387–405.
Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97(3), 332–361.
Hallez, Q., & Balcı, F. (2024). Memory capacity as the core mechanism of the development of space–time interferences in children. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 10377.
Hallez, Q., & Droit‐Volet, S. (2017). High levels of time contraction in young children in dual tasks are related to their limited attention capacities. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 161, 148–160.
Hallez, Q., & Droit‐Volet, S. (2019). Timing in a dual‐task in children and adults: When the interference effect is higher with concurrent non‐temporal than temporal information. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31(1), 34–48.
Hallez, Q., Monier, F., & Droit‐Volet, S. (2021). Simultaneous time processing in children and adults: When attention predicts temporal interference effects. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 210, 105209.
Helson, H., & King, S. M. (1931). The tau effect: An example of psychological relativity. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14(3), 202.
Holyoak, K. J., & Stamenković, D. (2018). Metaphor comprehension: A critical review of theories and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 144(6), 641.
Jones, B., & Huang, Y. L. (1982). Space‐time dependencies in psychophysical judgment of extent and duration: Algebraic models of the tau and kappa effects. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 128.
Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall.
Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52–54.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Lavie, N. (2010). Attention, distraction, and cognitive control under load. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 143–148.
Loeffler, J., Cañal‐Bruland, R., Schroeger, A., Tolentino‐Castro, J. W., & Raab, M. (2018). Interrelations between temporal and spatial cognition: The role of modality‐specific processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2609.
Pashler, H. (1994). Dual‐task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychological bulletin, 116(2), 220.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84(1), 1–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033‐295X.84.1.1.
Tzelgov, J. (1997). Specifying the relations between automaticity and consciousness: A cognitive‐neuropsychological approach. In J. D. Cohen & J. W. Schooler (Eds.), Scientific approaches to consciousness (pp. 449–464). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
van Zyl, L. E. (2013). Research methodology for economic and management sciences. London: Pearson Education International.
Walsh, V. (2003). A theory of magnitude: Common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(11), 483–488.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: A Theory of Magnitude; Dual task; Interference; Magnitude representations; Space–time
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251226 Date Completed: 20251226 Latest Revision: 20260621
Update Code: 20260622
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.70156
PMID: 41449630
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: The relationship between spatial and temporal processing remains a topic of ongoing debate. While several theories propose an asymmetrical influence of space on time, others suggest a bidirectional relationship with shared cognitive resources. This study introduces a novel paradigm that compares a single-task baseline with a distracting "dual-task" condition to deconstruct the nature of this interplay. Participants reproduced either the duration or the spatial configuration of visual sequences in which one (single task) or two dimensions (distracting dual task) were presented. Results revealed a significant general processing cost, with performance worsening for both time and space judgments when the other dimension was present. More interestingly, results also revealed content-dependent interference between the two dimensions, with the magnitude of the irrelevant dimension systematically modulating judgments of the target dimension. The evidence for bidirectional, content-dependent interference challenges the notion of a purely asymmetrical relationship. Overall, by dissociating general processing costs from specific interference, we provide a more nuanced model of the highly interconnected, bidirectional relationship between space and time.<br /> (© 2025 Cognitive Science Society LLC.)
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  Data: Boroditsky, L. (2000). Metaphoric structuring: Understanding time through spatial metaphors. Cognition, 75(1), 1–28.<br />Block, R. A., Hancock, P. A., & Zakay, D. (2010). How cognitive load affects duration judgments: A meta‐analytic review. Acta Psychologica, 134(3), 330–343.<br />Bueti, D., & Walsh, V. (2009). The parietal cortex and the representation of time, space, number and other magnitudes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1525), 1831–1840.<br />Capizzi, M., Chica, A. B., Lupiáñez, J., & Charras, P. (2023). Attention to space and time: Independent or interactive systems? A narrative review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 30(6), 2030–2048.<br />Casasanto, D., & Boroditsky, L. (2008). Time in the mind: Using space to think about time. Cognition, 106(2), 579–593.<br />Casasanto, D., Fotakopoulou, O., & Boroditsky, L. (2010). Space and time in the child's mind: Evidence for a cross‐dimensional asymmetry. Cognitive Science, 34(3), 387–405.<br />Cohen, J. D., Dunbar, K., & McClelland, J. L. (1990). On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect. Psychological Review, 97(3), 332–361.<br />Hallez, Q., & Balcı, F. (2024). Memory capacity as the core mechanism of the development of space–time interferences in children. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 10377.<br />Hallez, Q., & Droit‐Volet, S. (2017). High levels of time contraction in young children in dual tasks are related to their limited attention capacities. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 161, 148–160.<br />Hallez, Q., & Droit‐Volet, S. (2019). Timing in a dual‐task in children and adults: When the interference effect is higher with concurrent non‐temporal than temporal information. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 31(1), 34–48.<br />Hallez, Q., Monier, F., & Droit‐Volet, S. (2021). Simultaneous time processing in children and adults: When attention predicts temporal interference effects. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 210, 105209.<br />Helson, H., & King, S. M. (1931). The tau effect: An example of psychological relativity. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 14(3), 202.<br />Holyoak, K. J., & Stamenković, D. (2018). Metaphor comprehension: A critical review of theories and evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 144(6), 641.<br />Jones, B., & Huang, Y. L. (1982). Space‐time dependencies in psychophysical judgment of extent and duration: Algebraic models of the tau and kappa effects. Psychological Bulletin, 91(1), 128.<br />Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice‐Hall.<br />Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: Assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52–54.<br />Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.<br />Lavie, N. (2010). Attention, distraction, and cognitive control under load. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(3), 143–148.<br />Loeffler, J., Cañal‐Bruland, R., Schroeger, A., Tolentino‐Castro, J. W., & Raab, M. (2018). Interrelations between temporal and spatial cognition: The role of modality‐specific processing. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2609.<br />Pashler, H. (1994). Dual‐task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychological bulletin, 116(2), 220.<br />Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977). Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84(1), 1–66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033‐295X.84.1.1.<br />Tzelgov, J. (1997). Specifying the relations between automaticity and consciousness: A cognitive‐neuropsychological approach. In J. D. Cohen & J. W. Schooler (Eds.), Scientific approaches to consciousness (pp. 449–464). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<br />van Zyl, L. E. (2013). Research methodology for economic and management sciences. London: Pearson Education International.<br />Walsh, V. (2003). A theory of magnitude: Common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7(11), 483–488.
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