Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS

Spatial hearing and temporal processing ability of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) measured using prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Spatial hearing and temporal processing ability of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) measured using prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle.
Συγγραφείς: Sergison MD; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045., Poleg S; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045., Greene NT; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045., Klug A; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045., Tollin DJ; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. Electronic address: Daniel.Tollin@CUAnschutz.edu.
Πηγή: Hearing research [Hear Res] 2026 Jan; Vol. 470, pp. 109507. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 11.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7900445 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5891 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03785955 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hear Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Gerbillinae*/physiology , Reflex, Startle* , Prepulse Inhibition* , Sound Localization* , Hearing* , Time Perception*, Animals ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Male ; Female ; Cues ; Time Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; Perceptual Masking ; Auditory Threshold
Περίληψη: The Mongolian gerbil is a common model organism for studying the neural and behavioral mechanisms of binaural and spatial hearing, largely because of its ability to hear lower frequencies better than other rodents and thus utilize both interaural time and level difference cues for sound localization. Prior spatial hearing studies in gerbils have relied on operant conditioning paradigms, requiring large amounts of time-consuming training and testing on multiple different tasks needed to make a comprehensive assessment of spatial hearing ability (including temporal processing, spatial acuity and spatial unmasking). This limits the ability of researchers to thoroughly assess behavioral performance in a population of animals. In this study, we used the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PPI) to extensively assess spatial hearing and temporal processing abilities in a population of gerbils of both sexes. Results show that gerbils inhibit a startle response to a brief loud sound based on prepulse acoustical cues consisting of a 1) temporal gap in ongoing sounds, 2) change in sound source location, and 3) target sound in the presence of a masker. In each test, the magnitude of the suppression of startle increased monotonically as a function of the magnitude of the acoustical prepulse, not unlike a psychometric function, from which threshold performance could be measured. Thresholds in the gerbils in each task measured using PPI matched those acquired using operant conditioning methods.
(Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement The authors report no conflicts of interest.
Σχόλια: Update of: bioRxiv. 2025 Mar 13:2025.03.12.642882. doi: 10.1101/2025.03.12.642882.. (PMID: 40161580)
References: Hear Res. 1988 Nov;36(2-3):221-32. (PMID: 3209494)
Behav Neurosci. 2010 Apr;124(2):265-77. (PMID: 20364886)
Prog Neurobiol. 1999 Oct;59(2):107-28. (PMID: 10463792)
Hear Res. 2018 Dec;370:65-73. (PMID: 30326382)
J Neurophysiol. 1999 Nov;82(5):2294-309. (PMID: 10561407)
J Neurosci. 2010 Sep 1;30(35):11696-702. (PMID: 20810890)
J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Feb;119(2):1029-36. (PMID: 16521765)
J Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov;110(9):2140-51. (PMID: 23945782)
J Neurophysiol. 1995 Mar;73(3):1043-62. (PMID: 7608754)
J Acoust Soc Am. 1976 May;59(5):1222-6. (PMID: 956517)
Hear Res. 2018 Aug;365:62-76. (PMID: 29778290)
Comp Med. 2005 Feb;55(1):12-23. (PMID: 15766204)
eNeuro. 2020 Jan 31;7(1):. (PMID: 31953317)
Hear Res. 2025 Feb;456:109166. (PMID: 39693785)
Hear Res. 2014 Oct;316:1-15. (PMID: 25051197)
Ear Hear. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):741-9. (PMID: 21730860)
Hear Res. 2016 Mar;333:167-178. (PMID: 26807797)
J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2004 Mar;5(1):49-57. (PMID: 14976587)
Hear Res. 2011 Feb;272(1-2):135-47. (PMID: 20971180)
Hear Res. 2011 May;275(1-2):89-95. (PMID: 21147208)
J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jan;103(1):38-46. (PMID: 19846624)
Neurobiol Aging. 2021 Dec;108:133-145. (PMID: 34601244)
J Acoust Soc Am. 2005 Aug;118(2):872-86. (PMID: 16158644)
PLoS Biol. 2005 Mar;3(3):e78. (PMID: 15736980)
Brain Res. 2008 Jul 18;1220:47-57. (PMID: 18343357)
J Neurophysiol. 1990 Aug;64(2):465-88. (PMID: 2213127)
Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):983-1012. (PMID: 20664077)
Neuroscientist. 2003 Apr;9(2):127-43. (PMID: 12708617)
Psicothema. 2017 Nov;29(4):552-557. (PMID: 29048317)
Physiol Behav. 2009 Oct 19;98(4):460-6. (PMID: 19660482)
J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Jun;123(6):4297-309. (PMID: 18537381)
J Acoust Soc Am. 1982 Dec;72(6):1804-11. (PMID: 7153427)
Behav Neurosci. 1986 Apr;100(2):200-5. (PMID: 3083839)
J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012 Apr;13(2):237-248. (PMID: 22245918)
Front Behav Neurosci. 2016 Jun 30;10:133. (PMID: 27445728)
Hear Res. 2016 Jul;337:46-58. (PMID: 27173973)
Hear Res. 2003 Feb;176(1-2):11-6. (PMID: 12583877)
Behav Neurosci. 2020 Apr;134(2):119-132. (PMID: 31971416)
Hear Res. 1985;19(2):151-5. (PMID: 4055534)
Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Sep;60(5):4954-4981. (PMID: 39085952)
Neurology. 1993 Oct;43(10):1893-9. (PMID: 8413944)
J Neurophysiol. 1969 Jul;32(4):613-36. (PMID: 5810617)
PLoS One. 2017 Apr 10;12(4):e0175142. (PMID: 28394906)
Behav Neurosci. 1988 Jun;102(3):422-8. (PMID: 3395452)
Compr Physiol. 2019 Sep 19;9(4):1503-1575. (PMID: 31688966)
Grant Information: R01 DC023100 United States DC NIDCD NIH HHS; F31 DC021622 United States DC NIDCD NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Acoustic startle reflex; Gap detection; Gerbil; Prepulse inhibition; Sound localization; Spatial release from masking
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251225 Date Completed: 20260115 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC13220346
DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2025.109507
PMID: 41448075
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2025.109507?
    Name: ScienceDirect (all content) (s7799221)
    Category: fullText
    Text: View record from ScienceDirect
    MouseOverText: View record from ScienceDirect
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=18785891&ISBN=&volume=470&issue=&date=20260101&spage=109507&pages=109507&title=Hearing research&atitle=Spatial%20hearing%20and%20temporal%20processing%20ability%20of%20the%20Mongolian%20gerbil%20%28Meriones%20unguiculatus%29%20measured%20using%20prepulse%20inhibition%20of%20acoustic%20startle.&aulast=Sergison%20MD&id=DOI:10.1016/j.heares.2025.109507
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 41448075
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Spatial hearing and temporal processing ability of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) measured using prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sergison+MD%22">Sergison MD</searchLink>; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Poleg+S%22">Poleg S</searchLink>; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Greene+NT%22">Greene NT</searchLink>; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Klug+A%22">Klug A</searchLink>; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tollin+DJ%22">Tollin DJ</searchLink>; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045. Electronic address: Daniel.Tollin@CUAnschutz.edu.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227900445%22">Hearing research</searchLink> [Hear Res] 2026 Jan; Vol. 470, pp. 109507. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Dec 11.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier%2FNorth-Holland+Biomedical+Press%22">Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Netherlands <i>NLM ID: </i>7900445 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1878-5891 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203785955%22">03785955 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Hear Res <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Amsterdam, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gerbillinae%22">Gerbillinae*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gerbillinae+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Reflex%2C+Startle%22">Reflex, Startle*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Prepulse+Inhibition%22">Prepulse Inhibition*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sound+Localization%22">Sound Localization*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hearing%22">Hearing*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Time+Perception%22">Time Perception*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Acoustic+Stimulation%22">Acoustic Stimulation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cues%22">Cues</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Time+Factors%22">Time Factors</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Behavior%2C+Animal%22">Behavior, Animal</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Perceptual+Masking%22">Perceptual Masking</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Auditory+Threshold%22">Auditory Threshold</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Mongolian gerbil is a common model organism for studying the neural and behavioral mechanisms of binaural and spatial hearing, largely because of its ability to hear lower frequencies better than other rodents and thus utilize both interaural time and level difference cues for sound localization. Prior spatial hearing studies in gerbils have relied on operant conditioning paradigms, requiring large amounts of time-consuming training and testing on multiple different tasks needed to make a comprehensive assessment of spatial hearing ability (including temporal processing, spatial acuity and spatial unmasking). This limits the ability of researchers to thoroughly assess behavioral performance in a population of animals. In this study, we used the prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (PPI) to extensively assess spatial hearing and temporal processing abilities in a population of gerbils of both sexes. Results show that gerbils inhibit a startle response to a brief loud sound based on prepulse acoustical cues consisting of a 1) temporal gap in ongoing sounds, 2) change in sound source location, and 3) target sound in the presence of a masker. In each test, the magnitude of the suppression of startle increased monotonically as a function of the magnitude of the acoustical prepulse, not unlike a psychometric function, from which threshold performance could be measured. Thresholds in the gerbils in each task measured using PPI matched those acquired using operant conditioning methods.<br /> (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Conflict of interest statement The authors report no conflicts of interest.
– Name: Comment
  Label: Comments
  Group: Commnt
  Data: Update of: bioRxiv. 2025 Mar 13:2025.03.12.642882. doi: 10.1101/2025.03.12.642882.. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240161580%22">40161580)</searchLink>
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Hear Res. 1988 Nov;36(2-3):221-32. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223209494%22">3209494)</searchLink><br />Behav Neurosci. 2010 Apr;124(2):265-77. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220364886%22">20364886)</searchLink><br />Prog Neurobiol. 1999 Oct;59(2):107-28. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210463792%22">10463792)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2018 Dec;370:65-73. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230326382%22">30326382)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 1999 Nov;82(5):2294-309. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210561407%22">10561407)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2010 Sep 1;30(35):11696-702. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220810890%22">20810890)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Feb;119(2):1029-36. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216521765%22">16521765)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 2013 Nov;110(9):2140-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223945782%22">23945782)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 1995 Mar;73(3):1043-62. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227608754%22">7608754)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 1976 May;59(5):1222-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22956517%22">956517)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2018 Aug;365:62-76. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229778290%22">29778290)</searchLink><br />Comp Med. 2005 Feb;55(1):12-23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215766204%22">15766204)</searchLink><br />eNeuro. 2020 Jan 31;7(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231953317%22">31953317)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2025 Feb;456:109166. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239693785%22">39693785)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2014 Oct;316:1-15. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225051197%22">25051197)</searchLink><br />Ear Hear. 2011 Nov-Dec;32(6):741-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221730860%22">21730860)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2016 Mar;333:167-178. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226807797%22">26807797)</searchLink><br />J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2004 Mar;5(1):49-57. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2214976587%22">14976587)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2011 Feb;272(1-2):135-47. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220971180%22">20971180)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2011 May;275(1-2):89-95. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221147208%22">21147208)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 2010 Jan;103(1):38-46. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219846624%22">19846624)</searchLink><br />Neurobiol Aging. 2021 Dec;108:133-145. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234601244%22">34601244)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2005 Aug;118(2):872-86. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216158644%22">16158644)</searchLink><br />PLoS Biol. 2005 Mar;3(3):e78. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215736980%22">15736980)</searchLink><br />Brain Res. 2008 Jul 18;1220:47-57. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218343357%22">18343357)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 1990 Aug;64(2):465-88. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222213127%22">2213127)</searchLink><br />Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):983-1012. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220664077%22">20664077)</searchLink><br />Neuroscientist. 2003 Apr;9(2):127-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212708617%22">12708617)</searchLink><br />Psicothema. 2017 Nov;29(4):552-557. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229048317%22">29048317)</searchLink><br />Physiol Behav. 2009 Oct 19;98(4):460-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219660482%22">19660482)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2008 Jun;123(6):4297-309. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218537381%22">18537381)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 1982 Dec;72(6):1804-11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227153427%22">7153427)</searchLink><br />Behav Neurosci. 1986 Apr;100(2):200-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223083839%22">3083839)</searchLink><br />J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2012 Apr;13(2):237-248. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222245918%22">22245918)</searchLink><br />Front Behav Neurosci. 2016 Jun 30;10:133. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227445728%22">27445728)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2016 Jul;337:46-58. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227173973%22">27173973)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2003 Feb;176(1-2):11-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212583877%22">12583877)</searchLink><br />Behav Neurosci. 2020 Apr;134(2):119-132. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231971416%22">31971416)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 1985;19(2):151-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%224055534%22">4055534)</searchLink><br />Eur J Neurosci. 2024 Sep;60(5):4954-4981. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239085952%22">39085952)</searchLink><br />Neurology. 1993 Oct;43(10):1893-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228413944%22">8413944)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 1969 Jul;32(4):613-36. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%225810617%22">5810617)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2017 Apr 10;12(4):e0175142. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228394906%22">28394906)</searchLink><br />Behav Neurosci. 1988 Jun;102(3):422-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223395452%22">3395452)</searchLink><br />Compr Physiol. 2019 Sep 19;9(4):1503-1575. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231688966%22">31688966)</searchLink>
– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: R01 DC023100 United States DC NIDCD NIH HHS; F31 DC021622 United States DC NIDCD NIH HHS
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Acoustic startle reflex; Gap detection; Gerbil; Prepulse inhibition; Sound localization; Spatial release from masking
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20251225 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260115 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260813
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260813
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13220346
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1016/j.heares.2025.109507
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 41448075
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=41448075
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.heares.2025.109507
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 109507
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Acoustic Stimulation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cues
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time Factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Behavior, Animal
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Perceptual Masking
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Auditory Threshold
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gerbillinae physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Reflex, Startle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prepulse Inhibition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sound Localization
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hearing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Time Perception
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Spatial hearing and temporal processing ability of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) measured using prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Sergison MD
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Poleg S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Greene NT
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Klug A
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Tollin DJ
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 01
              Text: 2026 Jan
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1878-5891
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 470
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Hearing research
              Type: main
ResultId 1