Academic Journal
Dual genetic loci and flavonoid metabolism orchestrate fruiting body coloration in Flammulina filiformis: a multi-omic roadmap for fungal pigmentation.
| Τίτλος: | Dual genetic loci and flavonoid metabolism orchestrate fruiting body coloration in Flammulina filiformis: a multi-omic roadmap for fungal pigmentation. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Lv ZW; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China., Zhang JX; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China., Nie MH; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China., Wei CZ; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China; Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of AgriculturalSciences, Shenzhen 518000, China., Zhang T; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China., Liu F; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China., Ling ZL; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China., Chen XY; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China., Wu XP; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China., Tao YX; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China; College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China. Electronic address: taoyongxinmuse@163.com., Xie BG; Mycological Research Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002,China. Electronic address: fjxiebg@fafu.edu.cn., Zhao RL; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity and Innovative Utilization, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Electronic address: zhaorl@im.ac.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of advanced research [J Adv Res] 2026 Sep; Vol. 87, pp. 309-322. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 16. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Cairo University, production and hosting by Elsevier B. V Country of Publication: Egypt NLM ID: 101546952 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2090-1224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20901224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Adv Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Giza, Egypt] : Cairo University, production and hosting by Elsevier B. V. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Flavonoids*/metabolism , Pigmentation*/genetics , Fruiting Bodies, Fungal*/genetics , Fruiting Bodies, Fungal*/metabolism , Genetic Loci*, Pigments, Biological/metabolism ; Pigments, Biological/genetics ; Multiomics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Quantitative Trait Loci |
| Περίληψη: | Background: The fruiting bodies of macrofungi exhibit diverse coloration, traditionally attributed to melanin and carotenoid biosynthesis. This study is the first to reveal that flavonoids, rather than these classical pigments, are the predominant contributors to yellow pigmentation in the Flammulina filiformis. Objective: To uncover the genetic basis and key regulatory genes involved in pigment formation in F. filiformis fruiting bodies, and to establish a model framework for studying color genetics in macrofungi. Methods: Metabolomic profiling was conducted on yellow and white F. filiformis fruiting bodies to identify key pigment components. A segregating population was constructed, followed by integrated multi-omics analyses-including bulk segregant analysis (BSA), genome-wide association study (GWAS), and transcriptomics-to map regulatory loci and candidate genes. Functional roles were validated via genetic transformation and protein structural modeling. Results: Flavonoid accumulation was identified as the biochemical hallmark of pigmented fruiting bodies. Genetic analysis revealed a dual regulatory mechanism: a qualitative locus governing pigmentation presence and a quantitative trait determining color intensity. Combined BSA and GWAS pinpointed a major locus, Ffcrs, within a recombination-suppressed region. Transcriptomic analysis identified two key regulators, Ffakr (a transcriptional activator) and Ffpal (encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). Functional verification via transformation, structural modeling, and metabolite profiling in transgenic lines confirmed their essential roles in flavonoid biosynthesis and pigmentation. Conclusion: This study uncovers a flavonoid-based pigmentation mechanism in F. filiformis and elucidates a complex genetic architecture shaped by both qualitative and quantitative loci, providing a new paradigm for understanding pigment formation in macrofungi. The identified regulatory factors establish a molecular foundation for the precise manipulation of economically important pigmentation traits in edible mushroom. (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Bulked Segregant Analysis (BSA); Color; Flammulina filiformis; Flavonoids; Gene function verification; Genome-wide association study (GWAS) |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Flavonoids) 0 (Pigments, Biological) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20251218 Date Completed: 20260828 Latest Revision: 20260905 |
| Update Code: | 20260905 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13539232 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jare.2025.12.020 |
| PMID: | 41412566 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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