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Microplastics and anammox: Unravelling the hidden threats to nitrogen cycling and microbial resilience.

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Τίτλος: Microplastics and anammox: Unravelling the hidden threats to nitrogen cycling and microbial resilience.
Συγγραφείς: Sarfraz W; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian; Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan., Hussain M; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian., Chan CM; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australian., Chen C; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian., Khalid N; Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan., Razavi BS; Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany., Rezaei Rashti M; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian. Electronic address: m.rezaeirashti@griffith.edu.au.
Πηγή: Journal of hazardous materials [J Hazard Mater] 2026 Jan 01; Vol. 501, pp. 140654. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 29.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9422688 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3336 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03043894 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hazard Mater Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Microplastics*/toxicity , Soil Pollutants*/toxicity , Ammonia*/metabolism , Soil Microbiology* , Nitrogen Cycle* , Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation*, Biofilms/drug effects ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Soil/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Metals, Heavy ; Oxidation-Reduction
Περίληψη: Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that significantly alter soil ecosystems, particularly by disrupting nitrogen (N) cycling processes. This review assessed the impact of MPs on anaerobic ammonia oxidation (AnAOB) in soil, with a focus on their interactions with key soil parameters such as soil texture, pH, organic matter, heavy metals, and biofilm formation. Microplastics influence N removal efficiency (NRE) by modifying microbial habitats, destabilizing biofilms, and altering enzymatic activities. Their hydrophobic and electrostatic properties facilitate the adsorption of heavy metals, which further inhibit activity of anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria perform optimally in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.5-8.5), where enzymatic activities remain stable, supporting efficient N removal. In acidic soils (pH < 6.5), MPs undergo increased chemical leaching, releasing toxic additives and heavy metals that impair microbial function. However, in alkaline conditions (pH > 8.5), heavy metals remain bound to MPs, reducing their bioavailability and limiting microbial accessibility to essential nutrients. Organic matter-rich soils enhance microbial resilience but can also shift competition toward denitrifies, potentially increasing nitrate accumulation and nitrous oxide emissions. Biofilms formed on MPs can act as microbial hotspots, stabilizing bacterial populations while reducing anammox efficiency by promoting non-anammox N transformations. The presence of MPs not only enhance anammox activity but also increase the abundance of denitrification genes, contributing to enhanced N reduction processes. These findings indicate that MPs not only alter soil microbial dynamics but also disrupt the delicate balance of the N cycle, leading to reduced NRE and increased greenhouse gas emissions, raising concerns about their long-term impact on soil fertility and ecosystem sustainability.
(Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation; Biofilms; Environmental Pollution; Microbiome Dynamics; Nitrogen Removal Efficiency; Planctomycetes
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Microplastics)
0 (Soil Pollutants)
0 (Soil)
0 (Metals, Heavy)
7664-41-7 (Ammonia)
N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251202 Date Completed: 20260121 Latest Revision: 20260121
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140654
PMID: 41330292
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Microplastics and anammox: Unravelling the hidden threats to nitrogen cycling and microbial resilience.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Sarfraz+W%22&quot;&gt;Sarfraz W&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian; Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Hussain+M%22&quot;&gt;Hussain M&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Chan+CM%22&quot;&gt;Chan CM&lt;/searchLink&gt;; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Chen+C%22&quot;&gt;Chen C&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Khalid+N%22&quot;&gt;Khalid N&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Botany, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Razavi+BS%22&quot;&gt;Razavi BS&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Soil and Plant Microbiome, Institute of Phytopathology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel 24118, Germany.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Rezaei+Rashti+M%22&quot;&gt;Rezaei Rashti M&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australian. Electronic address: m.rezaeirashti@griffith.edu.au.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Microplastics%22&quot;&gt;Microplastics*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Microplastics+toxicity%22&quot;&gt;toxicity&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Soil+Pollutants%22&quot;&gt;Soil Pollutants*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Soil+Pollutants+toxicity%22&quot;&gt;toxicity&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Ammonia%22&quot;&gt;Ammonia*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Ammonia+metabolism%22&quot;&gt;metabolism&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Soil+Microbiology%22&quot;&gt;Soil Microbiology*&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Nitrogen+Cycle%22&quot;&gt;Nitrogen Cycle*&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Anaerobic+Ammonia+Oxidation%22&quot;&gt;Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation*&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Biofilms%22&quot;&gt;Biofilms&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Biofilms+drug+effects%22&quot;&gt;drug effects&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Bacteria%22&quot;&gt;Bacteria&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Bacteria+metabolism%22&quot;&gt;metabolism&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Bacteria%22&quot;&gt;Bacteria&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Bacteria+drug+effects%22&quot;&gt;drug effects&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Soil%22&quot;&gt;Soil&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Soil+chemistry%22&quot;&gt;chemistry&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Nitrogen%22&quot;&gt;Nitrogen&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Nitrogen+metabolism%22&quot;&gt;metabolism&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Metals%2C+Heavy%22&quot;&gt;Metals, Heavy&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Oxidation-Reduction%22&quot;&gt;Oxidation-Reduction&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that significantly alter soil ecosystems, particularly by disrupting nitrogen (N) cycling processes. This review assessed the impact of MPs on anaerobic ammonia oxidation (AnAOB) in soil, with a focus on their interactions with key soil parameters such as soil texture, pH, organic matter, heavy metals, and biofilm formation. Microplastics influence N removal efficiency (NRE) by modifying microbial habitats, destabilizing biofilms, and altering enzymatic activities. Their hydrophobic and electrostatic properties facilitate the adsorption of heavy metals, which further inhibit activity of anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria perform optimally in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions (pH 7.5-8.5), where enzymatic activities remain stable, supporting efficient N removal. In acidic soils (pH &amp;lt; 6.5), MPs undergo increased chemical leaching, releasing toxic additives and heavy metals that impair microbial function. However, in alkaline conditions (pH &amp;gt; 8.5), heavy metals remain bound to MPs, reducing their bioavailability and limiting microbial accessibility to essential nutrients. Organic matter-rich soils enhance microbial resilience but can also shift competition toward denitrifies, potentially increasing nitrate accumulation and nitrous oxide emissions. Biofilms formed on MPs can act as microbial hotspots, stabilizing bacterial populations while reducing anammox efficiency by promoting non-anammox N transformations. The presence of MPs not only enhance anammox activity but also increase the abundance of denitrification genes, contributing to enhanced N reduction processes. These findings indicate that MPs not only alter soil microbial dynamics but also disrupt the delicate balance of the N cycle, leading to reduced NRE and increased greenhouse gas emissions, raising concerns about their long-term impact on soil fertility and ecosystem sustainability.&lt;br /&gt; (Copyright &#169; 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Keywords: &lt;/i&gt;Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation; Biofilms; Environmental Pollution; Microbiome Dynamics; Nitrogen Removal Efficiency; Planctomycetes
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  Data: 0 (Microplastics)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Soil Pollutants)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Soil)&lt;br /&gt;0 (Metals, Heavy)&lt;br /&gt;7664-41-7 (Ammonia)&lt;br /&gt;N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
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  Data: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140654
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        Value: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.140654
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 140654
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biofilms drug effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria drug effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Metals, Heavy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidation-Reduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microplastics toxicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil Pollutants toxicity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ammonia metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil Microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen Cycle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Microplastics and anammox: Unravelling the hidden threats to nitrogen cycling and microbial resilience.
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