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Exploring the potential of silver phosphate nanoparticles as a slow-releasing agent to develop antibacterial and biocompatible chitosan-based nanocomposite films.

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Τίτλος: Exploring the potential of silver phosphate nanoparticles as a slow-releasing agent to develop antibacterial and biocompatible chitosan-based nanocomposite films.
Συγγραφείς: Eidan DM; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq., Jasim LS; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq., Al-Suraify SMT; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Misan University, Misan, Iraq., Othman MA; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Misan University, Misan, Iraq., Khonakdar HA; Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hossein.khonakdar1@mailbox.tu-dresden.de.
Πηγή: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 333 (Pt 2), pp. 148858. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 06.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: Guildford, Eng., IPC Science and Technology Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Chitosan*/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/chemistry , Nanocomposites*/chemistry , Phosphates*/chemistry , Phosphates*/pharmacology , Silver Compounds*/chemistry , Silver Compounds*/pharmacology , Biocompatible Materials*/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials*/pharmacology , Metal Nanoparticles*/chemistry, Escherichia coli/drug effects ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Silver/chemistry ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Drug Liberation
Περίληψη: The current study explores the potential of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) nanoparticles to enhance the biomedical properties of chitosan films. Ag3PO4 nanoparticles of varying sizes and shapes were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method using different precipitating agents (NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, and Na3PO4). A range of morphologies was achieved for the Ag3PO4 nanoparticles, including dodecahedral-like structures and ultra-fine spheres. Specifically, using Na3PO4 resulted in the formation of the smallest (20-100 nm) and most uniformly sized nanoparticles. Thus, Na3PO4-derived Ag3PO4 was selected to prepare nanocomposites with loadings of 3 % and 6 % (w/w). The SEM results indicated no aggregation, demonstrating a uniform distribution of nanoparticles. The hydrophilicity of chitosan remained constant at low nanoparticle content, while a higher nanoparticle content significantly decreased the contact angle from 73.3 ± 1.5° to 61.6 ± 2.1°. Ag3PO4-loaded chitosan films consistently released silver ions, which improved the antibacterial performance, achieving inhibition zones of 134.3 ± 7.1 mm2 for E. coli and 177.6 ± 9.3 mm2 for S. aureus. The MTT assay demonstrated that Saos-II cells maintained normal morphology on nanocomposites, with cell viability at 89.5 ± 0.8 % after incorporation of 6 % Ag3PO4 nanoparticles, indicating acceptable biocompatibility. In the current research, we hypothesized that optimizing nanoparticle morphology (i.e., smaller, well-dispersed Ag3PO4) could lead to sustained Ag+ release and pronounced antibacterial action, while minimizing cytotoxicity, making these nanocomposites promising for wound dressings.
(Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Antibacterial; Chitosan; Nanocomposite
Substance Nomenclature: 9012-76-4 (Chitosan)
0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
0 (Phosphates)
ZL6T4Y1XP8 (silver phosphate)
0 (Silver Compounds)
0 (Biocompatible Materials)
3M4G523W1G (Silver)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251108 Date Completed: 20251201 Latest Revision: 20251201
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148858
PMID: 41205971
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.148858?
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Exploring the potential of silver phosphate nanoparticles as a slow-releasing agent to develop antibacterial and biocompatible chitosan-based nanocomposite films.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eidan+DM%22">Eidan DM</searchLink>; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jasim+LS%22">Jasim LS</searchLink>; Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Suraify+SMT%22">Al-Suraify SMT</searchLink>; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Misan University, Misan, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Othman+MA%22">Othman MA</searchLink>; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Misan University, Misan, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khonakdar+HA%22">Khonakdar HA</searchLink>; Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: hossein.khonakdar1@mailbox.tu-dresden.de.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227909578%22">International journal of biological macromolecules</searchLink> [Int J Biol Macromol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 333 (Pt 2), pp. 148858. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Nov 06.
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  Data: Journal Article
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier%22">Elsevier </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Netherlands <i>NLM ID: </i>7909578 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1879-0003 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2201418130%22">01418130 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Int J Biol Macromol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Publication</i>: Amsterdam : Elsevier<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Guildford, Eng., IPC Science and Technology Press.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chitosan%22">Chitosan*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chitosan+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22">Anti-Bacterial Agents*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents%22">Anti-Bacterial Agents*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Bacterial+Agents+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nanocomposites%22">Nanocomposites*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nanocomposites+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phosphates%22">Phosphates*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phosphates+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phosphates%22">Phosphates*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phosphates+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Silver+Compounds%22">Silver Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Silver+Compounds+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Silver+Compounds%22">Silver Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Silver+Compounds+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biocompatible+Materials%22">Biocompatible Materials*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biocompatible+Materials+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biocompatible+Materials%22">Biocompatible Materials*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biocompatible+Materials+pharmacology%22">pharmacology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Metal+Nanoparticles%22">Metal Nanoparticles*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Metal+Nanoparticles+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Escherichia+coli%22">Escherichia coli</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Escherichia+coli+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Staphylococcus+aureus%22">Staphylococcus aureus</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Staphylococcus+aureus+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cell+Survival%22">Cell Survival</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cell+Survival+drug+effects%22">drug effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Silver%22">Silver</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Silver+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Microbial+Sensitivity+Tests%22">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Drug+Liberation%22">Drug Liberation</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The current study explores the potential of silver phosphate (Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript>) nanoparticles to enhance the biomedical properties of chitosan films. Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript> nanoparticles of varying sizes and shapes were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method using different precipitating agents (NaH<subscript>2</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript>, Na<subscript>2</subscript>HPO<subscript>4</subscript>, and Na<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript>). A range of morphologies was achieved for the Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript> nanoparticles, including dodecahedral-like structures and ultra-fine spheres. Specifically, using Na<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript> resulted in the formation of the smallest (20-100 nm) and most uniformly sized nanoparticles. Thus, Na<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript>-derived Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript> was selected to prepare nanocomposites with loadings of 3 % and 6 % (w/w). The SEM results indicated no aggregation, demonstrating a uniform distribution of nanoparticles. The hydrophilicity of chitosan remained constant at low nanoparticle content, while a higher nanoparticle content significantly decreased the contact angle from 73.3 ± 1.5° to 61.6 ± 2.1°. Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript>-loaded chitosan films consistently released silver ions, which improved the antibacterial performance, achieving inhibition zones of 134.3 ± 7.1 mm<superscript>2</superscript> for E. coli and 177.6 ± 9.3 mm<superscript>2</superscript> for S. aureus. The MTT assay demonstrated that Saos-II cells maintained normal morphology on nanocomposites, with cell viability at 89.5 ± 0.8 % after incorporation of 6 % Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript> nanoparticles, indicating acceptable biocompatibility. In the current research, we hypothesized that optimizing nanoparticle morphology (i.e., smaller, well-dispersed Ag<subscript>3</subscript>PO<subscript>4</subscript>) could lead to sustained Ag<superscript>+</superscript> release and pronounced antibacterial action, while minimizing cytotoxicity, making these nanocomposites promising for wound dressings.<br /> (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Antibacterial; Chitosan; Nanocomposite
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 148858
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Escherichia coli drug effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
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      – SubjectFull: Cell Survival drug effects
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      – SubjectFull: Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
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      – SubjectFull: Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nanocomposites chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Phosphates chemistry
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      – TitleFull: Exploring the potential of silver phosphate nanoparticles as a slow-releasing agent to develop antibacterial and biocompatible chitosan-based nanocomposite films.
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