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Synchronous waving in a dotillid crab Ilyoplax pusilla: behavioral analyses using a robotic model.

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Τίτλος: Synchronous waving in a dotillid crab Ilyoplax pusilla: behavioral analyses using a robotic model.
Συγγραφείς: Okada J; Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan. jokada@nagasaki-u.ac.jp., Nakagawa S; Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan., Honki K; Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan., Fujisaki K; Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan., Uchida S; Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Πηγή: Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology [J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol] 2026 Jan; Vol. 212 (1), pp. 33-44. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 30.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101141792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1351 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03407594 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Brachyura*/physiology , Behavior, Animal*/physiology , Robotics*, Movement/physiology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Animals ; Male ; Female
Περίληψη: The waving behavior exhibited by some species of male mudflat-dwelling crabs is characterized by rhythmic claw movement, which is considered to be a form of courtship toward females and agonism toward males. A fascinating aspect of the waving behavior is that its rhythm is synchronized with that of the surrounding males. To elucidate the behavioral mechanism underlying the synchronization of the waving rhythm in the dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla), we conducted a laboratory experiment using a waving-mimicking robotic model. When a single robot was operated continuously at a certain frequency (0.91-1.66 Hz) in front of a burrow-holding male, the crab responded to the robot with corresponding waving. In cases of relatively slow operating frequencies (≤ 1.11 Hz), the crabs tended to perform synchronous waving at a timing that preceded the robot. In contrast, when the operating frequency was relatively high (≥ 1.25 Hz), they waved synchronously with the robot with almost no time lag. The crabs tended not to wave at the same frequency as the high-frequency robot but waved once every two or three movements of the robot. These results suggest that synchronous waving without delay occurs in situations where the waving frequency increases competitively among neighboring males. The crabs may also adjust their waving frequency to half or one-third of that of high-performance opponents while maintaining their waving to avoid delays.
(© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Our study did not require approval from an institutional ethics committee. The crabs used in the laboratory experiments were transported back to their original habitat and released.
References: Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):161-4. (PMID: 17742039)
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200340. (PMID: 34420389)
Science. 1969 Nov 14;166(3907):891-4. (PMID: 17815755)
Biol Cybern. 2019 Jun;113(3):201-225. (PMID: 30430234)
Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Jul;26(7):369-75. (PMID: 21496942)
J Ethol. 2016;34(1):9-14. (PMID: 27829697)
Curr Zool. 2019 Feb;65(1):83-88. (PMID: 30697243)
Biol Cybern. 2020 Oct;114(4-5):473-483. (PMID: 32737587)
Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Jul 7;273(1594):1661-6. (PMID: 16769638)
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2013 Feb;88(1):31-9. (PMID: 22816672)
Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1155-8. (PMID: 18006751)
Proc Biol Sci. 2019 Oct 9;286(1912):20191067. (PMID: 31594513)
Curr Zool. 2019 Feb;65(1):77-81. (PMID: 30697242)
Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):55-8. (PMID: 17787627)
Curr Biol. 2008 Jan 22;18(2):R62-3. (PMID: 18211839)
Arthropod Struct Dev. 2021 Jan;60:101002. (PMID: 33191145)
J Exp Biol. 2001 Jul;204(Pt 14):2561-9. (PMID: 11511672)
J Comp Physiol A. 2001 Mar;187(2):83-9. (PMID: 15523997)
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200336. (PMID: 34420382)
Biol Cybern. 2023 Jun;117(3):249-258. (PMID: 37256317)
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200339. (PMID: 34420387)
Anim Behav. 2000 Nov;60(5):545-558. (PMID: 11082225)
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200324. (PMID: 34420379)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Ilyoplax pusilla; Mudflat crab; Robot; Synchronization; Waving
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20251030 Date Completed: 20260401 Latest Revision: 20261010
Update Code: 20261010
DOI: 10.1007/s00359-025-01766-1
PMID: 41162630
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00359-025-01766-1
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  Data: Synchronous waving in a dotillid crab Ilyoplax pusilla: behavioral analyses using a robotic model.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Okada+J%22">Okada J</searchLink>; Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan. jokada@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakagawa+S%22">Nakagawa S</searchLink>; Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Honki+K%22">Honki K</searchLink>; Faculty of Environmental Science, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fujisaki+K%22">Fujisaki K</searchLink>; Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Uchida+S%22">Uchida S</searchLink>; Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101141792%22">Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology</searchLink> [J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol] 2026 Jan; Vol. 212 (1), pp. 33-44. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Oct 30.
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  Data: The waving behavior exhibited by some species of male mudflat-dwelling crabs is characterized by rhythmic claw movement, which is considered to be a form of courtship toward females and agonism toward males. A fascinating aspect of the waving behavior is that its rhythm is synchronized with that of the surrounding males. To elucidate the behavioral mechanism underlying the synchronization of the waving rhythm in the dotillid crab (Ilyoplax pusilla), we conducted a laboratory experiment using a waving-mimicking robotic model. When a single robot was operated continuously at a certain frequency (0.91-1.66 Hz) in front of a burrow-holding male, the crab responded to the robot with corresponding waving. In cases of relatively slow operating frequencies (≤ 1.11 Hz), the crabs tended to perform synchronous waving at a timing that preceded the robot. In contrast, when the operating frequency was relatively high (≥ 1.25 Hz), they waved synchronously with the robot with almost no time lag. The crabs tended not to wave at the same frequency as the high-frequency robot but waved once every two or three movements of the robot. These results suggest that synchronous waving without delay occurs in situations where the waving frequency increases competitively among neighboring males. The crabs may also adjust their waving frequency to half or one-third of that of high-performance opponents while maintaining their waving to avoid delays.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval: Our study did not require approval from an institutional ethics committee. The crabs used in the laboratory experiments were transported back to their original habitat and released.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Science. 1971 Oct 8;174(4005):161-4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217742039%22">17742039)</searchLink><br />Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200340. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234420389%22">34420389)</searchLink><br />Science. 1969 Nov 14;166(3907):891-4. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217815755%22">17815755)</searchLink><br />Biol Cybern. 2019 Jun;113(3):201-225. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230430234%22">30430234)</searchLink><br />Trends Ecol Evol. 2011 Jul;26(7):369-75. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221496942%22">21496942)</searchLink><br />J Ethol. 2016;34(1):9-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227829697%22">27829697)</searchLink><br />Curr Zool. 2019 Feb;65(1):83-88. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230697243%22">30697243)</searchLink><br />Biol Cybern. 2020 Oct;114(4-5):473-483. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232737587%22">32737587)</searchLink><br />Proc Biol Sci. 2006 Jul 7;273(1594):1661-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216769638%22">16769638)</searchLink><br />Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2013 Feb;88(1):31-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222816672%22">22816672)</searchLink><br />Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1155-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218006751%22">18006751)</searchLink><br />Proc Biol Sci. 2019 Oct 9;286(1912):20191067. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231594513%22">31594513)</searchLink><br />Curr Zool. 2019 Feb;65(1):77-81. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230697242%22">30697242)</searchLink><br />Science. 1990 Jul 6;249(4964):55-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217787627%22">17787627)</searchLink><br />Curr Biol. 2008 Jan 22;18(2):R62-3. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218211839%22">18211839)</searchLink><br />Arthropod Struct Dev. 2021 Jan;60:101002. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233191145%22">33191145)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 2001 Jul;204(Pt 14):2561-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211511672%22">11511672)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol A. 2001 Mar;187(2):83-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215523997%22">15523997)</searchLink><br />Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200336. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234420382%22">34420382)</searchLink><br />Biol Cybern. 2023 Jun;117(3):249-258. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237256317%22">37256317)</searchLink><br />Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200339. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234420387%22">34420387)</searchLink><br />Anim Behav. 2000 Nov;60(5):545-558. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211082225%22">11082225)</searchLink><br />Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2021 Oct 11;376(1835):20200324. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234420379%22">34420379)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Ilyoplax pusilla; Mudflat crab; Robot; Synchronization; Waving
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      – TitleFull: Synchronous waving in a dotillid crab Ilyoplax pusilla: behavioral analyses using a robotic model.
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