Academic Journal
View in EDS

KOH 5% solution versus diclofenac 3% for the treatment of actinic keratosis - Results from a three-armed RCT.

Bibliographic Details
Title: KOH 5% solution versus diclofenac 3% for the treatment of actinic keratosis - Results from a three-armed RCT.
Authors: Reinhold U; MVZ Dermatologisches Zentrum Bonn GmbH, Bonn, Germany., Leitz N; Hautarztpraxis Dr. Leitz Und Kollegen, Stuttgart, Germany., Dominicus R; Hautzentrum Dülmen, ProDerma Studieninstitut, Dülmen, Germany., Szabó EL; Hautarztzentrum Hamm, Hamm, Germany., Dirschka T; Centroderm GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany., Popp G; Dermazentrum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany., Fischer TC; Haut- Und Lasercentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany., Adamini N; Hautpraxis Ibbenbüren, Ibbenbüren, Germany., Ostendorf R; Zentderma GBR, Mönchengladbach, Germany., Asefi M; Dermatologisches Studienzentrum Hunsrück, Simmern, Germany., Durani H; Durani Cosmetics GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany., Hölting T; Hautzentrum Südbaden, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany., Amann U; Hautarztzentrum Lingen, Lingen, Germany., Kreuziger F; Hautarztpraxis Vilshofen, Vilshofen an der Donau, Germany., Assmann T; Hautzentrum Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany., Brüning H; MVZ DermaKiel, Kiel, Germany., Freitag L; Hautarztpraxis Dr. L. Freitag & A. Knöll, Falkensee, Germany., Hoffmann K; Praxisklinik Dr. Hoffmann, Lohne, Germany., Gedschold R; InfectoPharm Arzneimittel Und Consilium GmbH, Heppenheim, Germany.
Source: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV [J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol] 2026 Jun; Vol. 40 (6), pp. 1050-1058. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 25.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9216037 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-3083 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09269959 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell
Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier Science Publishers, c1992-
MeSH Terms: Diclofenac*/therapeutic use , Diclofenac*/adverse effects , Diclofenac*/administration & dosage , Keratosis, Actinic*/drug therapy , Hydroxides*/therapeutic use , Hydroxides*/adverse effects , Hydroxides*/administration & dosage , Potassium Compounds*/therapeutic use , Potassium Compounds*/adverse effects , Potassium Compounds*/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Double-Blind Method ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged, 80 and over
Abstract: Background: Actinic Keratosis (AK) has the potential to progress into malignant cancer, thus necessitating timely and effective treatment. Despite several existing therapies, there is still a need for effective, well-tolerated therapeutic options, especially in the early treatment of patients with few isolated lesions in primary care.
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of potassium hydroxide (KOH) 5% solution in comparison to diclofenac 3% gel and placebo for the treatment of mild-to-moderate AK.
Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with mild or moderate AK applied KOH or placebo solution double-blinded twice daily for 28 days, followed by a 28-day off-treatment phase (1 treatment cycle) for up to three treatment cycles or until treatment success. In a third arm, diclofenac was applied twice daily for 60 days and evaluated investigator-blinded. The primary endpoint was treatment success, defined as complete clearance (CC) of all initially present AK lesions per patient at the end of treatment (EOT).
Results: In total, 631 patients were enrolled. Treatment success was achieved by 45.2% of patients treated with KOH, compared to 23.8% and 22.9% with diclofenac and placebo, respectively. Similarly, complete remission rates for individual lesions were higher with KOH (65.0%) than with diclofenac (45.9%) or placebo (39.9%). KOH showed a faster onset of action, with higher CC rates already after 1 month compared to diclofenac (16.0% vs. 9.2%) and converging efficacies after 6 months. Most adverse reactions were mild and localized, with comparable tolerability of KOH and diclofenac.
Conclusions: KOH 5% solution proved superior to placebo and, when compared to diclofenac 3% gel, demonstrated significantly higher efficacy at EOT, as well as faster onset of action with comparable long-term efficacy and tolerability. KOH 5% solution is a valuable addition to the available treatment options for lesion-directed therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate AK.
Gov Identifier: NCT04552327.
(© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
References: Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jan;176(1):20-43. (PMID: 28098380)
Acta Derm Venereol. 2023 Nov 20;103:adv11954. (PMID: 37982726)
Br J Dermatol. 2007 Dec;157 Suppl 2:34-40. (PMID: 18067630)
J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 16;11(6):. (PMID: 35329979)
Clin Ther. 2017 May;39(5):993-1002. (PMID: 28449867)
J Dermatolog Treat. 2017 Aug;28(5):431-442. (PMID: 27796187)
Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2020 Mar;25(1):49-58. (PMID: 32067498)
Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022 Mar 05;15:357-365. (PMID: 35283641)
J Dermatolog Treat. 2008;19(3):159-63. (PMID: 18569272)
Br J Dermatol. 2014 May;170(5):1143-50. (PMID: 24506666)
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024 Jun;38(6):1024-1047. (PMID: 38451047)
J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Oct 1;20(10):s3s3-s3. (PMID: 34636522)
Br J Dermatol. 2002 Jan;146(1):94-100. (PMID: 11841372)
J Dermatolog Treat. 2022 May;33(3):1376-1382. (PMID: 32875946)
Int J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;40(11):709-13. (PMID: 11737438)
Hautarzt. 2021 Nov;72(11):975-983. (PMID: 34387709)
Grant Information: InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: actinic keratosis; diclofenac; lesion‐directed therapy; potassium hydroxide
Local Abstract: [plain-language-summary] Repeatedly sun‐damaged skin can develop rough, scaly patches called actinic keratosis, which may eventually develop into skin cancer. In a trial with 631 adult patients at German medical centers, researchers tested whether a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution could treat these patches compared to an often‐used standard therapy and to an inactive control (placebo). The results show that KOH solution is effective and safe in the therapy of early‐stage disease and quickly produces noticeable results. This makes KOH a useful option when choosing treatments for patients with early signs of actinic keratosis.
Molecular Sequence: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04552327
Substance Nomenclature: 144O8QL0L1 (Diclofenac)
WZH3C48M4T (potassium hydroxide)
0 (Hydroxides)
0 (Potassium Compounds)
0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250925 Date Completed: 20260525 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC13206550
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.70069
PMID: 40996107
Database: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://www.doi.org/10.1111/jdv.70069?
    Name: ScienceDirect (all content) (s7799221)
    Category: fullText
    Text: View record from ScienceDirect
    MouseOverText: View record from ScienceDirect
  – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=14683083&ISBN=&volume=40&issue=6&date=20260601&spage=1050&pages=1050-1058&title=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV&atitle=KOH%205%25%20solution%20versus%20diclofenac%203%25%20for%20the%20treatment%20of%20actinic%20keratosis%20-%20Results%20from%20a%20three-armed%20RCT.&aulast=Reinhold%20U&id=DOI:10.1111/jdv.70069
    Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271)
    Category: fullText
    Text: Full Text Finder
    MouseOverText: Full Text Finder
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 40996107
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: KOH 5% solution versus diclofenac 3% for the treatment of actinic keratosis - Results from a three-armed RCT.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reinhold+U%22">Reinhold U</searchLink>; MVZ Dermatologisches Zentrum Bonn GmbH, Bonn, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Leitz+N%22">Leitz N</searchLink>; Hautarztpraxis Dr. Leitz Und Kollegen, Stuttgart, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dominicus+R%22">Dominicus R</searchLink>; Hautzentrum Dülmen, ProDerma Studieninstitut, Dülmen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Szabó+EL%22">Szabó EL</searchLink>; Hautarztzentrum Hamm, Hamm, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dirschka+T%22">Dirschka T</searchLink>; Centroderm GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Popp+G%22">Popp G</searchLink>; Dermazentrum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fischer+TC%22">Fischer TC</searchLink>; Haut- Und Lasercentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Adamini+N%22">Adamini N</searchLink>; Hautpraxis Ibbenbüren, Ibbenbüren, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ostendorf+R%22">Ostendorf R</searchLink>; Zentderma GBR, Mönchengladbach, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Asefi+M%22">Asefi M</searchLink>; Dermatologisches Studienzentrum Hunsrück, Simmern, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Durani+H%22">Durani H</searchLink>; Durani Cosmetics GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hölting+T%22">Hölting T</searchLink>; Hautzentrum Südbaden, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Amann+U%22">Amann U</searchLink>; Hautarztzentrum Lingen, Lingen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kreuziger+F%22">Kreuziger F</searchLink>; Hautarztpraxis Vilshofen, Vilshofen an der Donau, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Assmann+T%22">Assmann T</searchLink>; Hautzentrum Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brüning+H%22">Brüning H</searchLink>; MVZ DermaKiel, Kiel, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Freitag+L%22">Freitag L</searchLink>; Hautarztpraxis Dr. L. Freitag & A. Knöll, Falkensee, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hoffmann+K%22">Hoffmann K</searchLink>; Praxisklinik Dr. Hoffmann, Lohne, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gedschold+R%22">Gedschold R</searchLink>; InfectoPharm Arzneimittel Und Consilium GmbH, Heppenheim, Germany.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229216037%22">Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV</searchLink> [J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol] 2026 Jun; Vol. 40 (6), pp. 1050-1058. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Sep 25.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Wiley-Blackwell%22">Wiley-Blackwell </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>9216037 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1468-3083 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209269959%22">09269959 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Publication</i>: Oxford : Wiley-Blackwell<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier Science Publishers, c1992-
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diclofenac%22">Diclofenac*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diclofenac+therapeutic+use%22">therapeutic use</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diclofenac%22">Diclofenac*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diclofenac+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diclofenac%22">Diclofenac*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diclofenac+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Keratosis%2C+Actinic%22">Keratosis, Actinic*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Keratosis%2C+Actinic+drug+therapy%22">drug therapy</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides%22">Hydroxides*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides+therapeutic+use%22">therapeutic use</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides%22">Hydroxides*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides%22">Hydroxides*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds%22">Potassium Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds+therapeutic+use%22">therapeutic use</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds%22">Potassium Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds%22">Potassium Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds+administration+%26+dosage%22">administration & dosage</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal%22">Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Anti-Inflammatory+Agents%2C+Non-Steroidal+therapeutic+use%22">therapeutic use</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Double-Blind+Method%22">Double-Blind Method</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%22">Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Treatment+Outcome%22">Treatment Outcome</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%2C+80+and+over%22">Aged, 80 and over</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Actinic Keratosis (AK) has the potential to progress into malignant cancer, thus necessitating timely and effective treatment. Despite several existing therapies, there is still a need for effective, well-tolerated therapeutic options, especially in the early treatment of patients with few isolated lesions in primary care.<br />Objectives: To investigate the efficacy and safety of potassium hydroxide (KOH) 5% solution in comparison to diclofenac 3% gel and placebo for the treatment of mild-to-moderate AK.<br />Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, patients with mild or moderate AK applied KOH or placebo solution double-blinded twice daily for 28 days, followed by a 28-day off-treatment phase (1 treatment cycle) for up to three treatment cycles or until treatment success. In a third arm, diclofenac was applied twice daily for 60 days and evaluated investigator-blinded. The primary endpoint was treatment success, defined as complete clearance (CC) of all initially present AK lesions per patient at the end of treatment (EOT).<br />Results: In total, 631 patients were enrolled. Treatment success was achieved by 45.2% of patients treated with KOH, compared to 23.8% and 22.9% with diclofenac and placebo, respectively. Similarly, complete remission rates for individual lesions were higher with KOH (65.0%) than with diclofenac (45.9%) or placebo (39.9%). KOH showed a faster onset of action, with higher CC rates already after 1 month compared to diclofenac (16.0% vs. 9.2%) and converging efficacies after 6 months. Most adverse reactions were mild and localized, with comparable tolerability of KOH and diclofenac.<br />Conclusions: KOH 5% solution proved superior to placebo and, when compared to diclofenac 3% gel, demonstrated significantly higher efficacy at EOT, as well as faster onset of action with comparable long-term efficacy and tolerability. KOH 5% solution is a valuable addition to the available treatment options for lesion-directed therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate AK.<br />Gov Identifier: NCT04552327.<br /> (© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Br J Dermatol. 2017 Jan;176(1):20-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228098380%22">28098380)</searchLink><br />Acta Derm Venereol. 2023 Nov 20;103:adv11954. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237982726%22">37982726)</searchLink><br />Br J Dermatol. 2007 Dec;157 Suppl 2:34-40. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218067630%22">18067630)</searchLink><br />J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 16;11(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235329979%22">35329979)</searchLink><br />Clin Ther. 2017 May;39(5):993-1002. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228449867%22">28449867)</searchLink><br />J Dermatolog Treat. 2017 Aug;28(5):431-442. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227796187%22">27796187)</searchLink><br />Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2020 Mar;25(1):49-58. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232067498%22">32067498)</searchLink><br />Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2022 Mar 05;15:357-365. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235283641%22">35283641)</searchLink><br />J Dermatolog Treat. 2008;19(3):159-63. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218569272%22">18569272)</searchLink><br />Br J Dermatol. 2014 May;170(5):1143-50. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224506666%22">24506666)</searchLink><br />J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024 Jun;38(6):1024-1047. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238451047%22">38451047)</searchLink><br />J Drugs Dermatol. 2021 Oct 1;20(10):s3s3-s3. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234636522%22">34636522)</searchLink><br />Br J Dermatol. 2002 Jan;146(1):94-100. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211841372%22">11841372)</searchLink><br />J Dermatolog Treat. 2022 May;33(3):1376-1382. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232875946%22">32875946)</searchLink><br />Int J Dermatol. 2001 Nov;40(11):709-13. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211737438%22">11737438)</searchLink><br />Hautarzt. 2021 Nov;72(11):975-983. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234387709%22">34387709)</searchLink>
– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>actinic keratosis; diclofenac; lesion‐directed therapy; potassium hydroxide<br /><i>Local Abstract: </i>[plain-language-summary] Repeatedly sun‐damaged skin can develop rough, scaly patches called actinic keratosis, which may eventually develop into skin cancer. In a trial with 631 adult patients at German medical centers, researchers tested whether a potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution could treat these patches compared to an often‐used standard therapy and to an inactive control (placebo). The results show that KOH solution is effective and safe in the therapy of early‐stage disease and quickly produces noticeable results. This makes KOH a useful option when choosing treatments for patients with early signs of actinic keratosis.
– Name: ChemicalData
  Label: Molecular Sequence
  Group: ChemData
  Data: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04552327
– Name: NumberCAS
  Label: Substance Nomenclature
  Group: ID
  Data: 144O8QL0L1 (Diclofenac)<br />WZH3C48M4T (potassium hydroxide)<br />0 (Hydroxides)<br />0 (Potassium Compounds)<br />0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal)
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20250925 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260525 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260813
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260813
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13206550
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1111/jdv.70069
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 40996107
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=40996107
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1111/jdv.70069
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 1050
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Double-Blind Method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Middle Aged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Treatment Outcome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Aged, 80 and over
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diclofenac therapeutic use
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diclofenac adverse effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Diclofenac administration & dosage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Keratosis, Actinic drug therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydroxides therapeutic use
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydroxides adverse effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Hydroxides administration & dosage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Potassium Compounds therapeutic use
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Potassium Compounds adverse effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Potassium Compounds administration & dosage
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: KOH 5% solution versus diclofenac 3% for the treatment of actinic keratosis - Results from a three-armed RCT.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Reinhold U
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Leitz N
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Dominicus R
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Szabó EL
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Dirschka T
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Popp G
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Fischer TC
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Adamini N
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Ostendorf R
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Asefi M
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Durani H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hölting T
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Amann U
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kreuziger F
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Assmann T
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Brüning H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Freitag L
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Hoffmann K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gedschold R
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: 2026 Jun
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1468-3083
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 40
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
              Type: main
ResultId 1