Developing a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO2 nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Developing a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO2 nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity.
Συγγραφείς:	Ahmad N; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: anaushad@ksu.edu.sa., Bishoyi AK; Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: ashokkumar.bishoyi@marwadieducation.edu.in., Ballal S; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: b.suhas@jainuniversity.ac.in., Shankhyan A; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab 140401, India., Al-Hasnaawei S; College of pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; Department of medical analysis, Medical laboratory technique college, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq. Electronic address: shakeralhasnawi@iunajaf.edu.iq., Jayabalan K; Department of Chemistry, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Electronic address: karthikeyan.chemistry@sathyabama.ac.in., Maharana L; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030, India. Electronic address: laxmidharmaharana@soa.ac.in., Lal M; Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. Electronic address: Madan.lal1@nimsuniversity.org.
Πηγή:	Enzyme and microbial technology [Enzyme Microb Technol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 191, pp. 110736. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Aug 15.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8003761 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0909 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01410229 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Enzyme Microb Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Publication: New York, NY : Elsevier Original Publication: [Guildford, Eng.] IPC Science and Technology Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Urease/metabolism , Urease/chemistry , Urea/blood , Urea/analysis , Biosensing Techniques/methods , Cerium/chemistry, Enzymes, Immobilized/metabolism ; Enzymes, Immobilized/chemistry ; Biocompatible Materials/chemistry ; Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Reproducibility of Results
Περίληψη:	Herein, a urea biosensor and safe blood cleaning method utilizing a novel high throughput La-doped CeO2 nanosized artificial urease with high biocompatibility and enzyme-like activity were developed. The urease-like activity, stability composition, morphological characteristics, size, biocompatibility, and crystalline characteristics of the artificial urease were assessed. Considering its high urease-like activity, it is applied for both urea biosensing and safe blood cleaning. The effective factors on the sensing conditions were optimized, providing a wide linear range over 1-10 µM and a low detection limit of 0.5 µM. The repeatability and reproducibility assessments revealed a %RSD of 1.7 % and 2.7 %, in order. The selectivity studies and real blood analysis revealed highly selective, accurate, and reliable determination of urea in biosamples using the developed method, providing a %recovery of 97.8-99.5 % with a low %RSD range of 1.4-3.3 %. Besides, the safe blood cleaning experiments were also performed by urea mineralization from blood. The results exhibited a high blood cleaning yield of 99.5 % at a short time of 30 min, revealing 1.8-fold higher cleaning efficiency for the artificial urease compared to native urease. The reusability studies showed that the blood cleaning yield was saved for about 10 cycles and then it decreased by increasing the operational cycles, reaching 78.6 % after 17 cycles. The shelf-life of the urease was also evaluated within 30 days, revealing a high shelf-stability for the as-prepared nanosized artificial urease. Consequentially, the nanosized artificial urease can be practically applied for both urea detection and blood cleaning in the real world. (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests:	Declaration of Competing Interest There is no known conflict of interest
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: Artificial urease; La-doped CeO(2); Nanozymes; Safe blood cleaning; Urea biosensor
Substance Nomenclature:	EC 3.5.1.5 (Urease) 8W8T17847W (Urea) 30K4522N6T (Cerium) 619G5K328Y (ceric oxide) 0 (Enzymes, Immobilized) 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20250819 Date Completed: 20250906 Latest Revision: 20250906
Update Code:	20260130
DOI:	10.1016/j.enzmictec.2025.110736
PMID:	40829504
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

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