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De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina).

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Τίτλος: De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina).
Συγγραφείς: Kebaso F; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.; Pwani Univerisity (PU), Mombasa, Kenya., Diallo S; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya., Kibet C; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya., Hashim S; Pwani Univerisity (PU), Mombasa, Kenya., Makwatta JO; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya., Getahun M; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya., Getange D; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya., Entfellner JD; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya., Masiga D; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya. dmasiga@icipe.org.
Πηγή: BMC genomics [BMC Genomics] 2025 Jul 16; Vol. 26 (1), pp. 668. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Jul 16.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100965258 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2164 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712164 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Genomics Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2000-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Diptera*/genetics , Genomics*/methods , Molecular Sequence Annotation* , Genome, Insect*, Camelus/parasitology ; Receptors, Odorant/genetics ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny
Περίληψη: Background: Hippobosca camelina (camel ked) is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that infests camels. Hematophagy inflicts painful bites leading to myiasis, anemia and pathogen transmission such as Candidatus Anaplasma camelii. A genome assembly for this biting flies is currently unavailable, limiting understanding of its genetics, including the chemosensory system.
Results: The assembly size for Hippobosca camelina female is 135.6 Mb with 17.08% repeated regions, an N50 of 1.2 Mb, a total of 2,182 contigs, a GC content of 33.5% and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 95.38% with the diptera_odb10 lineage (S:95.83%, 3148, D:0.30%, 10, F:0.30%, 10, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.56%, 117, N:3285) and Hippobosca camelina male had an assembly size of 133.5 Mb with 15.38% being repeats, an N50 of 419.6 Kb, 2,318 contigs, GC content of 33.5%, and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 94.70% with diptera_odb10 lineage (S:94.70%, 3111, D:0.49%, 16, F:0.85%, 28, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.96%, 130, N:3285). A total of 14,240 putative genes for H. camelina male and 13,496 putative genes for H. camelina female annotated were identified as orthologous to genes in selected dipterans that included Drosophila melanogaster, Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina brevipalpis and Anopheles gambiae. Chemosensory genes recovered included 4 Chemosensory specific proteins (CSPs), 18 Ionotropic receptors (IRs), 7 Gustatory receptors (GRs), 5 Odorant receptors (ORs), 9 Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 1 Sensory Neuron Membrane Protein (SNMP).
Conclusion: This study generated two genome assemblies for Hippobosca camelina. Both are smaller in size compared to Melophagus ovinus (Zhang et al., BMC Genomics 24, 2023) and Glossina morsitans (Watanabe et al., Science 344:380-6, 2014 ). The Hippobosca assemblies have a lower repeat content compared to G. morsitans and M. ovinus, a phenomenon that may explain the reduced assembly size. A total of 44 chemosensory genes for H. camelina were annotated. The obligate parasitic lifestyle, limited movement, and narrow host specificity in Hippobosca camelina could be related to the reduced chemosensory system genes in the six known families of chemosensory genes as reported in this study.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Pwani University Ethics Review Board (Approval Number: ERC/EXT/002/2020), accredited by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI), Kenya. Additionally, all animal-related procedures were approved by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under reference number: IcipeACUC2018-003–2023. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Grant Information: Grant number 81235250 This study was funded by The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) commissioned and administered through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Fund for International Agricultural Research (FIA)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Hippobosca; Chemosensory genes; Comparative genomics; Genomic analysis; Hematophagy
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Receptors, Odorant)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250716 Date Completed: 20250717 Latest Revision: 20250720
Update Code: 20260130
PubMed Central ID: PMC12265228
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-025-11833-1
PMID: 40670921
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Label: Title
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  Data: De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina).
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kebaso+F%22">Kebaso F</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.; Pwani Univerisity (PU), Mombasa, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Diallo+S%22">Diallo S</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kibet+C%22">Kibet C</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hashim+S%22">Hashim S</searchLink>; Pwani Univerisity (PU), Mombasa, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Makwatta+JO%22">Makwatta JO</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Getahun+M%22">Getahun M</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Getange+D%22">Getange D</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Entfellner+JD%22">Entfellner JD</searchLink>; International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Masiga+D%22">Masiga D</searchLink>; International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya. dmasiga@icipe.org.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22100965258%22">BMC genomics</searchLink> [BMC Genomics] 2025 Jul 16; Vol. 26 (1), pp. 668. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Jul 16.
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  Data: Journal Article
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  Data: English
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>100965258 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1471-2164 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214712164%22">14712164 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>BMC Genomics <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: London : BioMed Central, [2000-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diptera%22">Diptera*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diptera+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Genomics%22">Genomics*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Genomics+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Molecular+Sequence+Annotation%22">Molecular Sequence Annotation*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Genome%2C+Insect%22">Genome, Insect*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Camelus%22">Camelus</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Camelus+parasitology%22">parasitology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Receptors%2C+Odorant%22">Receptors, Odorant</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Receptors%2C+Odorant+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Hippobosca camelina (camel ked) is an obligate hematophagous ectoparasite that infests camels. Hematophagy inflicts painful bites leading to myiasis, anemia and pathogen transmission such as Candidatus Anaplasma camelii. A genome assembly for this biting flies is currently unavailable, limiting understanding of its genetics, including the chemosensory system.<br />Results: The assembly size for Hippobosca camelina female is 135.6 Mb with 17.08% repeated regions, an N50 of 1.2 Mb, a total of 2,182 contigs, a GC content of 33.5% and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 95.38% with the diptera_odb10 lineage (S:95.83%, 3148, D:0.30%, 10, F:0.30%, 10, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.56%, 117, N:3285) and Hippobosca camelina male had an assembly size of 133.5 Mb with 15.38% being repeats, an N50 of 419.6 Kb, 2,318 contigs, GC content of 33.5%, and compleasm (Busco) completeness of 94.70% with diptera_odb10 lineage (S:94.70%, 3111, D:0.49%, 16, F:0.85%, 28, I:0.00%, 0, M:3.96%, 130, N:3285). A total of 14,240 putative genes for H. camelina male and 13,496 putative genes for H. camelina female annotated were identified as orthologous to genes in selected dipterans that included Drosophila melanogaster, Glossina morsitans morsitans, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina brevipalpis and Anopheles gambiae. Chemosensory genes recovered included 4 Chemosensory specific proteins (CSPs), 18 Ionotropic receptors (IRs), 7 Gustatory receptors (GRs), 5 Odorant receptors (ORs), 9 Odorant binding proteins (OBPs) and 1 Sensory Neuron Membrane Protein (SNMP).<br />Conclusion: This study generated two genome assemblies for Hippobosca camelina. Both are smaller in size compared to Melophagus ovinus (Zhang et al., BMC Genomics 24, 2023) and Glossina morsitans (Watanabe et al., Science 344:380-6, 2014 ). The Hippobosca assemblies have a lower repeat content compared to G. morsitans and M. ovinus, a phenomenon that may explain the reduced assembly size. A total of 44 chemosensory genes for H. camelina were annotated. The obligate parasitic lifestyle, limited movement, and narrow host specificity in Hippobosca camelina could be related to the reduced chemosensory system genes in the six known families of chemosensory genes as reported in this study.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Pwani University Ethics Review Board (Approval Number: ERC/EXT/002/2020), accredited by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI), Kenya. Additionally, all animal-related procedures were approved by the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under reference number: IcipeACUC2018-003–2023. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: Grant number 81235250 This study was funded by The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) commissioned and administered through the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Fund for International Agricultural Research (FIA)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Hippobosca; Chemosensory genes; Comparative genomics; Genomic analysis; Hematophagy
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20250716 <i>Date Completed: </i>20250717 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20250720
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  Data: 10.1186/s12864-025-11833-1
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PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=40670921
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        Value: 10.1186/s12864-025-11833-1
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        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        StartPage: 668
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Camelus parasitology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Receptors, Odorant genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
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      – SubjectFull: Phylogeny
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      – SubjectFull: Diptera genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genomics methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Molecular Sequence Annotation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genome, Insect
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: De novo genome assembly, annotation, and characterization of chemosensory genes in the camel ked (Hippobosca camelina).
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              M: 07
              Text: 2025 Jul 16
              Type: published
              Y: 2025
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1471-2164
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            – TitleFull: BMC genomics
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