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Human enhancement, past and present.

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Τίτλος: Human enhancement, past and present.
Συγγραφείς: Moeller A; University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Andrew.Moeller@history.ox.ac.uk., Andres Porras JM; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
Πηγή: Monash bioethics review [Monash Bioeth Rev] 2026 Aug; Vol. 44 (Suppl 1), pp. 75-93. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 27.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Historical Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100973394 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1836-6716 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13212753 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Monash Bioeth Rev Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2014- : New York : Springer
Original Publication: Vic. [i.e. Victoria], Australia : Centre for Human Bioethics, Monash University
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Biomedical Enhancement*/ethics , Artificial Intelligence*/ethics , Humanities*, Biotechnology/ethics ; Humans ; History, Medieval ; Europe ; Eugenics
Περίληψη: One important role the medical humanities might and should play relates to public education. In this instance, we mean helping persons to think about their own aims or purposes as potential receivers of enhancement interventions, and similarly helping to inform the developers of said interventions. This article argues that, in the light of real and speculative applications of emerging biotechnologies and artificial intelligence aimed at human enhancement-including germline genetic engineering, the linking of the human brain with an artificial general intelligence by way of a brain-computer interface, and various interventions directed toward life extension-historians would do well to consider the following three practices as they participate in the medical humanities and the shared task of public education: (1) Taking under scrutiny a broad swath of topics and timeframes as it relates to past efforts aimed at human enhancement; (2) Focusing on past engagement with enhancement efforts and their perceived relation to the pursuit of living well; and (3) Entering into debates on enhancement as equal participants. In support of these assertions, this article takes efforts directed towards the prolongation of life in medieval Europe as an illustrative example. It also highlights continuities and discontinuities between past and present justifications for human enhancement, and addresses how similarities and differences can shape and challenge contemporary bioethical arguments.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
References: Hastings Cent Rep. 2011 Jan-Feb;41(1):32-42. (PMID: 21329104)
Ann Intern Med. 2016 Apr 19;164(8):553-7. (PMID: 27089070)
Traditio. 1974;30:259-83. (PMID: 11633405)
Gene Ther. 2019 Sep;26(9):351-353. (PMID: 31273325)
Bull Hist Med. 1999 Summer;73(2):208-37. (PMID: 10379088)
Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):100. (PMID: 33431957)
Nat Aging. 2023 Dec;3(12):1486-1499. (PMID: 38102202)
BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 29;19(1):356. (PMID: 31779637)
Bioethics. 2013 May;27(4):215-23. (PMID: 22150828)
Isis. 2014 Dec;105(4):793-802. (PMID: 25665386)
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2018 Feb;114(2):246-257. (PMID: 29389215)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Enhancement; Eugenics; History; Life extension; Medieval alchemy
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250527 Date Completed: 20260829 Latest Revision: 20260901
Update Code: 20260901
PubMed Central ID: PMC13525935
DOI: 10.1007/s40592-025-00250-5
PMID: 40423756
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Human enhancement, past and present.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biomedical+Enhancement%22">Biomedical Enhancement*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biomedical+Enhancement+ethics%22">ethics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence%22">Artificial Intelligence*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Artificial+Intelligence+ethics%22">ethics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Humanities%22">Humanities*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Biotechnology%22">Biotechnology</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Biotechnology+ethics%22">ethics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22History%2C+Medieval%22">History, Medieval</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Europe%22">Europe</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Eugenics%22">Eugenics</searchLink>
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  Data: One important role the medical humanities might and should play relates to public education. In this instance, we mean helping persons to think about their own aims or purposes as potential receivers of enhancement interventions, and similarly helping to inform the developers of said interventions. This article argues that, in the light of real and speculative applications of emerging biotechnologies and artificial intelligence aimed at human enhancement-including germline genetic engineering, the linking of the human brain with an artificial general intelligence by way of a brain-computer interface, and various interventions directed toward life extension-historians would do well to consider the following three practices as they participate in the medical humanities and the shared task of public education: (1) Taking under scrutiny a broad swath of topics and timeframes as it relates to past efforts aimed at human enhancement; (2) Focusing on past engagement with enhancement efforts and their perceived relation to the pursuit of living well; and (3) Entering into debates on enhancement as equal participants. In support of these assertions, this article takes efforts directed towards the prolongation of life in medieval Europe as an illustrative example. It also highlights continuities and discontinuities between past and present justifications for human enhancement, and addresses how similarities and differences can shape and challenge contemporary bioethical arguments.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s).)
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  Data: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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  Data: Hastings Cent Rep. 2011 Jan-Feb;41(1):32-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221329104%22">21329104)</searchLink><br />Ann Intern Med. 2016 Apr 19;164(8):553-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227089070%22">27089070)</searchLink><br />Traditio. 1974;30:259-83. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211633405%22">11633405)</searchLink><br />Gene Ther. 2019 Sep;26(9):351-353. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231273325%22">31273325)</searchLink><br />Bull Hist Med. 1999 Summer;73(2):208-37. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210379088%22">10379088)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 11;11(1):100. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233431957%22">33431957)</searchLink><br />Nat Aging. 2023 Dec;3(12):1486-1499. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238102202%22">38102202)</searchLink><br />BMC Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 29;19(1):356. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231779637%22">31779637)</searchLink><br />Bioethics. 2013 May;27(4):215-23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222150828%22">22150828)</searchLink><br />Isis. 2014 Dec;105(4):793-802. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225665386%22">25665386)</searchLink><br />J Pers Soc Psychol. 2018 Feb;114(2):246-257. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229389215%22">29389215)</searchLink>
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