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Stepping and tapping: combining motor tasks improves cognitive classification.

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Τίτλος: Stepping and tapping: combining motor tasks improves cognitive classification.
Συγγραφείς: Rudd KD; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia., Callisaya ML; Medical Science Precinct, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.; Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia., Lawler K; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.; School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia., Noyce AJ; Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Mary University of London, London, Queen, UK., Vickers JC; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia., Alty J; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. Jane.Alty@utas.edu.au.; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia. Jane.Alty@utas.edu.au.; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia. Jane.Alty@utas.edu.au.
Πηγή: GeroScience [Geroscience] 2026 Feb; Vol. 48 (1), pp. 829-842. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 08.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer International Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101686284 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2509-2723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25092723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Geroscience Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Cham : Springer International Publishing, [2017]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Cognitive Dysfunction*/physiopathology , Cognitive Dysfunction*/diagnosis , Cognitive Dysfunction*/classification , Gait*/physiology , Dementia*/physiopathology , Dementia*/diagnosis , Psychomotor Performance*/physiology, Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies
Περίληψη: Gait and key-tapping are individually associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, it is unclear if these motor functions are correlated, or whether combining them improves classification of objective (dementia, MCI) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). We recruited 73 participants with dementia, 106 MCI, 57 SCI, and 83 cognitively healthy controls (HC). Consensus diagnosis was made after gold-standard interdisciplinary assessment. Fast-paced gait was assessed on an electronic walkway and fast-paced key-tapping on a computer keyboard. Correlations between gait and key-tapping measures (speed, frequency, variability and contact) were tested using Pearson's correlation. Classification accuracy was calculated using area under receiver-operating-characteristic curves (AUC) and compared to the null model comprising age, sex and education. Gait and key-tapping measures correlated moderately. Combined gait and key-tapping speed improved classification accuracy of dementia (.97), and MCI (.91), from HC, but not SCI, compared to gait (dementia: .94, MCI: .87) or the null model (dementia: .89, MCI: .79). Gait and key-tapping measures were associated with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, but the effect size for key-tapping variability was larger in vascular dementia (β: 225.71) compared to Alzheimer's disease (β: 38.30). Gait and key-tapping variability was associated with non-amnestic MCI. Measures of gait were correlated with corresponding key-tapping measures, but their association with cognitive impairment was not the same. Combining gait and key-tapping motor measures improved classification accuracy of MCI and dementia. This suggests gait and key-tapping measures provide information about different aspects of motor-cognitive association worth further investigation.
(© 2025. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
References: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jan;120:16-27. (PMID: 33188821)
Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Feb 04;13:625551. (PMID: 33613270)
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015 Oct;70(10):1226-32. (PMID: 26009641)
Exp Gerontol. 2016 Aug;81:110-8. (PMID: 27235850)
JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Mar 1;11(3):e34688. (PMID: 35230251)
Aging Ment Health. 2019 Oct;23(10):1300-1306. (PMID: 30449144)
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Apr;68(4):409-11. (PMID: 23401565)
Exp Gerontol. 2019 Jan;115:55-61. (PMID: 30447261)
Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2022 Sep 22;14(1):e12353. (PMID: 36187193)
Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016 Apr;22(2 Dementia):404-18. (PMID: 27042901)
Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 27;10(1):18369. (PMID: 33110225)
PLoS One. 2014 Apr 29;9(4):e96260. (PMID: 24781810)
Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2020 Oct 17;6(1):e12068. (PMID: 33094146)
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Mar;74(Pt A):149-162. (PMID: 28115194)
Geroscience. 2023 Dec;45(6):3449-3473. (PMID: 37337026)
J Neurosci. 2023 Nov 15;43(46):7879-7892. (PMID: 37714710)
J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 Dec;13(10):881-9. (PMID: 19924348)
Neurodegener Dis. 2024;24(2):54-70. (PMID: 38865972)
J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Sep;66(9):1676-1683. (PMID: 29608780)
JAMA Neurol. 2017 Jul 1;74(7):857-865. (PMID: 28505243)
J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;84(1):315-327. (PMID: 34542076)
Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Nov;10(11):634-42. (PMID: 25266297)
Geriatrics (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;9(6):. (PMID: 39727824)
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Feb;33(2):469-478. (PMID: 32277434)
Cortex. 2019 Dec;121:117-124. (PMID: 31561128)
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 Jan;4(1):37-48. (PMID: 12511860)
Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 8;102(36):e34997. (PMID: 37682140)
Lancet. 2024 Aug 10;404(10452):572-628. (PMID: 39096926)
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Mar;106:104883. (PMID: 36495658)
Eur Radiol. 2022 Oct;32(10):6979-6991. (PMID: 35507052)
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Dec;69(12):1536-44. (PMID: 25136002)
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2020;7(3):165-170. (PMID: 32463069)
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014 Dec;130(6):439-51. (PMID: 25219393)
Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Dec 1;138(11):923-36. (PMID: 8256780)
Exp Gerontol. 2019 Sep;124:110625. (PMID: 31173841)
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2024 Feb;117:105232. (PMID: 37956584)
BMC Geriatr. 2022 Sep 23;22(1):767. (PMID: 36151524)
J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;95(3):1233-1252. (PMID: 37694362)
Lancet Public Health. 2022 Feb;7(2):e105-e125. (PMID: 34998485)
Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Jan;20(1):173-182. (PMID: 37519032)
Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022 Jul 22;14(1):98. (PMID: 35869559)
Neurology. 2017 Jul 25;89(4):336-342. (PMID: 28659421)
Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2025;54(1):10-20. (PMID: 39074458)
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2023 Aug;38(8):e5988. (PMID: 37592719)
Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Dec 05;11(12):. (PMID: 39768051)
J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;71(s1):S65-S73. (PMID: 30814353)
Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Aug;17(8):1317-1328. (PMID: 33590967)
Arch Neurol. 2009 Mar;66(3):336-42. (PMID: 19273752)
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Aug 03;11:353. (PMID: 28824393)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Dementia; Digital biomarker; Gait; ISLAND; Mild cognitive impairment; Subjective cognitive impairment
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250508 Date Completed: 20260309 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260813
PubMed Central ID: PMC12972407
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-025-01678-7
PMID: 40338438
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01678-7
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  Data: Stepping and tapping: combining motor tasks improves cognitive classification.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rudd+KD%22">Rudd KD</searchLink>; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Callisaya+ML%22">Callisaya ML</searchLink>; Medical Science Precinct, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.; Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lawler+K%22">Lawler K</searchLink>; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.; School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Noyce+AJ%22">Noyce AJ</searchLink>; Centre for Preventive Neurology, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Mary University of London, London, Queen, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vickers+JC%22">Vickers JC</searchLink>; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alty+J%22">Alty J</searchLink>; Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia. Jane.Alty@utas.edu.au.; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia. Jane.Alty@utas.edu.au.; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, TAS, Australia. Jane.Alty@utas.edu.au.
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  Data: Gait and key-tapping are individually associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, it is unclear if these motor functions are correlated, or whether combining them improves classification of objective (dementia, MCI) and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). We recruited 73 participants with dementia, 106 MCI, 57 SCI, and 83 cognitively healthy controls (HC). Consensus diagnosis was made after gold-standard interdisciplinary assessment. Fast-paced gait was assessed on an electronic walkway and fast-paced key-tapping on a computer keyboard. Correlations between gait and key-tapping measures (speed, frequency, variability and contact) were tested using Pearson's correlation. Classification accuracy was calculated using area under receiver-operating-characteristic curves (AUC) and compared to the null model comprising age, sex and education. Gait and key-tapping measures correlated moderately. Combined gait and key-tapping speed improved classification accuracy of dementia (.97), and MCI (.91), from HC, but not SCI, compared to gait (dementia: .94, MCI: .87) or the null model (dementia: .89, MCI: .79). Gait and key-tapping measures were associated with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, but the effect size for key-tapping variability was larger in vascular dementia (β: 225.71) compared to Alzheimer's disease (β: 38.30). Gait and key-tapping variability was associated with non-amnestic MCI. Measures of gait were correlated with corresponding key-tapping measures, but their association with cognitive impairment was not the same. Combining gait and key-tapping motor measures improved classification accuracy of MCI and dementia. This suggests gait and key-tapping measures provide information about different aspects of motor-cognitive association worth further investigation.<br /> (© 2025. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
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  Data: Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Jan;120:16-27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233188821%22">33188821)</searchLink><br />Front Aging Neurosci. 2021 Feb 04;13:625551. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233613270%22">33613270)</searchLink><br />J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015 Oct;70(10):1226-32. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226009641%22">26009641)</searchLink><br />Exp Gerontol. 2016 Aug;81:110-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227235850%22">27235850)</searchLink><br />JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Mar 1;11(3):e34688. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235230251%22">35230251)</searchLink><br />Aging Ment Health. 2019 Oct;23(10):1300-1306. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230449144%22">30449144)</searchLink><br />J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Apr;68(4):409-11. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223401565%22">23401565)</searchLink><br />Exp Gerontol. 2019 Jan;115:55-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230447261%22">30447261)</searchLink><br />Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 2022 Sep 22;14(1):e12353. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236187193%22">36187193)</searchLink><br />Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016 Apr;22(2 Dementia):404-18. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227042901%22">27042901)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 27;10(1):18369. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233110225%22">33110225)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2014 Apr 29;9(4):e96260. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224781810%22">24781810)</searchLink><br />Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 2020 Oct 17;6(1):e12068. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233094146%22">33094146)</searchLink><br />Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 Mar;74(Pt A):149-162. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228115194%22">28115194)</searchLink><br />Geroscience. 2023 Dec;45(6):3449-3473. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237337026%22">37337026)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci. 2023 Nov 15;43(46):7879-7892. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237714710%22">37714710)</searchLink><br />J Nutr Health Aging. 2009 Dec;13(10):881-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219924348%22">19924348)</searchLink><br />Neurodegener Dis. 2024;24(2):54-70. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238865972%22">38865972)</searchLink><br />J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Sep;66(9):1676-1683. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229608780%22">29608780)</searchLink><br />JAMA Neurol. 2017 Jul 1;74(7):857-865. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228505243%22">28505243)</searchLink><br />J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;84(1):315-327. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234542076%22">34542076)</searchLink><br />Nat Rev Neurol. 2014 Nov;10(11):634-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225266297%22">25266297)</searchLink><br />Geriatrics (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;9(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239727824%22">39727824)</searchLink><br />Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Feb;33(2):469-478. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232277434%22">32277434)</searchLink><br />Cortex. 2019 Dec;121:117-124. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231561128%22">31561128)</searchLink><br />Nat Rev Neurosci. 2003 Jan;4(1):37-48. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212511860%22">12511860)</searchLink><br />Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Sep 8;102(36):e34997. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237682140%22">37682140)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2024 Aug 10;404(10452):572-628. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239096926%22">39096926)</searchLink><br />Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2023 Mar;106:104883. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236495658%22">36495658)</searchLink><br />Eur Radiol. 2022 Oct;32(10):6979-6991. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235507052%22">35507052)</searchLink><br />J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Dec;69(12):1536-44. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225136002%22">25136002)</searchLink><br />J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2020;7(3):165-170. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232463069%22">32463069)</searchLink><br />Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2014 Dec;130(6):439-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225219393%22">25219393)</searchLink><br />Am J Epidemiol. 1993 Dec 1;138(11):923-36. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228256780%22">8256780)</searchLink><br />Exp Gerontol. 2019 Sep;124:110625. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231173841%22">31173841)</searchLink><br />Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2024 Feb;117:105232. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237956584%22">37956584)</searchLink><br />BMC Geriatr. 2022 Sep 23;22(1):767. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236151524%22">36151524)</searchLink><br />J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;95(3):1233-1252. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237694362%22">37694362)</searchLink><br />Lancet Public Health. 2022 Feb;7(2):e105-e125. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234998485%22">34998485)</searchLink><br />Alzheimers Dement. 2024 Jan;20(1):173-182. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237519032%22">37519032)</searchLink><br />Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022 Jul 22;14(1):98. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235869559%22">35869559)</searchLink><br />Neurology. 2017 Jul 25;89(4):336-342. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228659421%22">28659421)</searchLink><br />Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2025;54(1):10-20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239074458%22">39074458)</searchLink><br />Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2023 Aug;38(8):e5988. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237592719%22">37592719)</searchLink><br />Bioengineering (Basel). 2024 Dec 05;11(12):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239768051%22">39768051)</searchLink><br />J Alzheimers Dis. 2019;71(s1):S65-S73. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230814353%22">30814353)</searchLink><br />Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Aug;17(8):1317-1328. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233590967%22">33590967)</searchLink><br />Arch Neurol. 2009 Mar;66(3):336-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219273752%22">19273752)</searchLink><br />Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Aug 03;11:353. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228824393%22">28824393)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Dementia; Digital biomarker; Gait; ISLAND; Mild cognitive impairment; Subjective cognitive impairment
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20250508 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260309 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260813
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        Value: 10.1007/s11357-025-01678-7
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 829
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Cognition physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Dysfunction physiopathology
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis
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      – SubjectFull: Cognitive Dysfunction classification
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      – SubjectFull: Gait physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Dementia physiopathology
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      – SubjectFull: Dementia diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychomotor Performance physiology
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Stepping and tapping: combining motor tasks improves cognitive classification.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rudd KD
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Callisaya ML
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Lawler K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Noyce AJ
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Vickers JC
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Alty J
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      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: 2026 Feb
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2509-2723
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 48
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: GeroScience
              Type: main
ResultId 1