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A Cross-Sectional Study Demonstrating a High Prevalence of Skin Rash to Diabetes Medical Devices: An Underestimated Problem.

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Τίτλος: A Cross-Sectional Study Demonstrating a High Prevalence of Skin Rash to Diabetes Medical Devices: An Underestimated Problem.
Συγγραφείς: Ulriksdotter J; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden., Sukakul T; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden., Bruze M; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden., Hamnerius N; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden., Mowitz M; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden., Svedman C; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
Πηγή: Journal of diabetes science and technology [J Diabetes Sci Technol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 20 (5), pp. 1576-1584. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 May 07.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101306166 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-2968 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19322968 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Diabetes Sci Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2014- : Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage
Original Publication: Foster City, CA : Diabetes Technology Society
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*/drug therapy , Insulin Infusion Systems*/adverse effects , Exanthema*/epidemiology , Exanthema*/etiology , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*/instrumentation , Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*/adverse effects, Continuous Glucose Monitoring/instrumentation ; Continuous Glucose Monitoring/adverse effects ; Sweden/epidemiology ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Male ; Prevalence ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adolescent
Περίληψη: Background: Adverse skin reactions to continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and devices for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSIIs) ("diabetes medical devices" (MDs)) are well known. However, epidemiological studies on prevalence and skin rash details are lacking. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and details of skin rash to diabetes MDs in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Method: All adult individuals (≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes attending outpatient diabetes clinics at two hospitals in southern Sweden were invited to participate (n = 1943) in a questionnaire study.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 667. Of the respondents 95.1% had used CGM and 36.7% had used CSII. Skin rash to the devices was reported by 42.1% of CGM users and 44.9% of CSII users. Skin rash was reported with use of all types of diabetes MDs. For diabetes MDs with ≥50 users, 18.0% to 56.5% of the participants with skin rash had to change the device more often than recommended and 4.0% to 18.0% had to stop using the device due to skin rash. In multivariable analyses, the odds for skin rash to diabetes MDs were higher among younger individuals and individuals with childhood atopic dermatitis. Odds increased with use of higher numbers of devices. Of the participants with skin rash, 13 of the 289 (4.5%) had been investigated for contact allergy.
Conclusions: Skin rash to diabetes MDs is common. The problem is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. With use of diabetes MDs expected to increase, an increasing prevalence of skin rash is to be expected.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: MB is a member of the expert panel for fragrance safety (http://fragrancesafetypanel.org/). CS participates in the fragrance study Extended Fragrance Ingredients Surveillance Study (EFISS) performed on behalf of The International Fragrance Association (IFRA).
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: contact dermatitis; continuous glucose monitoring; insulin infusion systems; medical device; type 1 diabetes
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250507 Date Completed: 20260901 Latest Revision: 20260911
Update Code: 20260912
PubMed Central ID: PMC12058707
DOI: 10.1177/19322968251336261
PMID: 40331898
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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  Label: Title
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  Data: A Cross-Sectional Study Demonstrating a High Prevalence of Skin Rash to Diabetes Medical Devices: An Underestimated Problem.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ulriksdotter+J%22">Ulriksdotter J</searchLink>; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sukakul+T%22">Sukakul T</searchLink>; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bruze+M%22">Bruze M</searchLink>; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hamnerius+N%22">Hamnerius N</searchLink>; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mowitz+M%22">Mowitz M</searchLink>; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Svedman+C%22">Svedman C</searchLink>; Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101306166%22">Journal of diabetes science and technology</searchLink> [J Diabetes Sci Technol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 20 (5), pp. 1576-1584. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 May 07.
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  Data: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Sage%22">Sage </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>101306166 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1932-2968 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2219322968%22">19322968 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Diabetes Sci Technol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Publication</i>: 2014- : Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Foster City, CA : Diabetes Technology Society
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1%22">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1+blood%22">blood</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1%22">Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Diabetes+Mellitus%2C+Type+1+drug+therapy%22">drug therapy</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Insulin+Infusion+Systems%22">Insulin Infusion Systems*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Insulin+Infusion+Systems+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Exanthema%22">Exanthema*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Exanthema+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Exanthema%22">Exanthema*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Exanthema+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Blood+Glucose+Self-Monitoring%22">Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Blood+Glucose+Self-Monitoring+instrumentation%22">instrumentation</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Blood+Glucose+Self-Monitoring%22">Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Blood+Glucose+Self-Monitoring+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Continuous+Glucose+Monitoring%22">Continuous Glucose Monitoring</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Continuous+Glucose+Monitoring+instrumentation%22">instrumentation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Continuous+Glucose+Monitoring%22">Continuous Glucose Monitoring</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Continuous+Glucose+Monitoring+adverse+effects%22">adverse effects</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Sweden%22">Sweden</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Sweden+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cross-Sectional+Studies%22">Cross-Sectional Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Prevalence%22">Prevalence</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Aged%22">Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Young+Adult%22">Young Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Surveys+and+Questionnaires%22">Surveys and Questionnaires</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adolescent%22">Adolescent</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Adverse skin reactions to continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and devices for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSIIs) ("diabetes medical devices" (MDs)) are well known. However, epidemiological studies on prevalence and skin rash details are lacking. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and details of skin rash to diabetes MDs in adults with type 1 diabetes.<br />Method: All adult individuals (≥18 years) with type 1 diabetes attending outpatient diabetes clinics at two hospitals in southern Sweden were invited to participate (n = 1943) in a questionnaire study.<br />Results: The questionnaire was completed by 667. Of the respondents 95.1% had used CGM and 36.7% had used CSII. Skin rash to the devices was reported by 42.1% of CGM users and 44.9% of CSII users. Skin rash was reported with use of all types of diabetes MDs. For diabetes MDs with ≥50 users, 18.0% to 56.5% of the participants with skin rash had to change the device more often than recommended and 4.0% to 18.0% had to stop using the device due to skin rash. In multivariable analyses, the odds for skin rash to diabetes MDs were higher among younger individuals and individuals with childhood atopic dermatitis. Odds increased with use of higher numbers of devices. Of the participants with skin rash, 13 of the 289 (4.5%) had been investigated for contact allergy.<br />Conclusions: Skin rash to diabetes MDs is common. The problem is underdiagnosed in clinical practice. With use of diabetes MDs expected to increase, an increasing prevalence of skin rash is to be expected.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: MB is a member of the expert panel for fragrance safety (http://fragrancesafetypanel.org/). CS participates in the fragrance study Extended Fragrance Ingredients Surveillance Study (EFISS) performed on behalf of The International Fragrance Association (IFRA).
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>contact dermatitis; continuous glucose monitoring; insulin infusion systems; medical device; type 1 diabetes
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20250507 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260901 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260911
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  Data: 20260912
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  Data: 10.1177/19322968251336261
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  Data: 40331898
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