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Symmetrical "super learning": Enhancing causal learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome.

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Τίτλος: Symmetrical "super learning": Enhancing causal learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome.
Συγγραφείς: Castiello S; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology., FitzGerald G; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology., Aisbitt GM; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology., Baker AG; McGill University, Department of Psychology., Murphy RA; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology.
Πηγή: Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition [J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn] 2025 Jan; Vol. 51 (1), pp. 1-12.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101632727 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2329-8464 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23298456 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Exp Psychol Anim Learn Cogn Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Washington, DC : American Psychological Association, 2014-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Learning*/physiology , Cues* , Probability Learning*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Probability ; Adolescent
Περίληψη: In a learning environment, with multiple predictive cues for a single outcome, cues interfere with or enhance each other during the acquisition process (e.g., Baker et al., 1993). Previous experiments have focused on cues that signal the presence or absence of binary outcomes. This introduces a perceptual and perhaps motivational asymmetry between excitatory and inhibitory learning. Here, using a bidirectional outcome, we asked whether learning about both generative (incremental positive outcome) and preventative (incremental negative outcome) causal cues show similar enhancement effects in opposite directions. In three experiments with humans using predictive learning tasks, participants (N = 133) were exposed to probabilistic predictive cues for opposite polarity events. Generative cues caused an increase in outcome likelihood, while preventative cues decreased it. An analysis of explicit predictive ratings found evidence for symmetrical learning and enhanced learning for both generative and preventative cues. The results are discussed in relation to super learning, an effect derived from theories of competitive learning based on error correction and theories of contrasting probability estimates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20250117 Date Completed: 20250501 Latest Revision: 20250807
Update Code: 20260130
DOI: 10.1037/xan0000390
PMID: 39818935
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Symmetrical "super learning": Enhancing causal learning using a bidirectional probabilistic outcome.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castiello+S%22">Castiello S</searchLink>; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22FitzGerald+G%22">FitzGerald G</searchLink>; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aisbitt+GM%22">Aisbitt GM</searchLink>; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baker+AG%22">Baker AG</searchLink>; McGill University, Department of Psychology.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Murphy+RA%22">Murphy RA</searchLink>; University of Oxford, Department of Experimental Psychology.
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  Data: In a learning environment, with multiple predictive cues for a single outcome, cues interfere with or enhance each other during the acquisition process (e.g., Baker et al., 1993). Previous experiments have focused on cues that signal the presence or absence of binary outcomes. This introduces a perceptual and perhaps motivational asymmetry between excitatory and inhibitory learning. Here, using a bidirectional outcome, we asked whether learning about both generative (incremental positive outcome) and preventative (incremental negative outcome) causal cues show similar enhancement effects in opposite directions. In three experiments with humans using predictive learning tasks, participants (N = 133) were exposed to probabilistic predictive cues for opposite polarity events. Generative cues caused an increase in outcome likelihood, while preventative cues decreased it. An analysis of explicit predictive ratings found evidence for symmetrical learning and enhanced learning for both generative and preventative cues. The results are discussed in relation to super learning, an effect derived from theories of competitive learning based on error correction and theories of contrasting probability estimates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
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              Text: 2025 Jan
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