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Analysis of Autistic Adolescents' Essays Using Computer Techniques.

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Τίτλος: Analysis of Autistic Adolescents' Essays Using Computer Techniques.
Συγγραφείς: Chojnicka I; Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland. izabela.chojnicka@psych.uw.edu.pl., Wawer A; Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 01- 248, Poland.
Πηγή: Journal of autism and developmental disorders [J Autism Dev Disord] 2026 Oct; Vol. 56 (10), pp. 4183-4189. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 27.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7904301 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3432 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01623257 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Autism Dev Disord Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2006- >: New York, NY : Springer
Original Publication: New York, Plenum Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Autistic Disorder*/psychology , Narration* , Writing* , Natural Language Processing*, Humans ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Comprehension
Περίληψη: Purpose: Challenges associated with narrative discourse remain consistently observable across the entire spectrum of autism. We analyzed written narratives by autistic and non-autistic adolescents and aimed to investigate narrative writing using quantitative computational methods.
Methods: We employed Natural Language Processing techniques to compare 333 essays from students in the final eighth grade of primary school: 195 written by autistic and 138 by non-autistic participants.
Results: Autistic students used words with a positive emotional polarity statistically less frequently (p < .001), and their stories were less abstract (p < .001) than those written by peers from the non-autistic group. However, autistic adolescents wrote more complex stories in terms of readability than participants from the non-autistic group (p < .001). The writing competencies assessed by teachers did not differ significantly between the two groups.
Conclusion: Findings suggest that written narratives by autistic individuals may exhibit characteristics similar to those detected by computational methods in spoken narratives. Collecting data from national exams and its potential usefulness in distinguishing autistic individuals could pave the way for future large-scale and cost-effective epidemiological studies on autism.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical Approval: The project received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw. In accordance with local regulations, obtaining written consent regarding anonymized data was not required, so written consent was not sought. The collected data was only analyzed collectively. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest relevant to the content of this article.
References: J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Mar;48(3):868-882. (PMID: 29164435)
Cardiol J. 2021;28(4):627-631. (PMID: 33140389)
J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Oct;53(10):3901-3915. (PMID: 35927514)
Int J Psychol. 2011 Oct;46(5):321-45. (PMID: 22044305)
Autism Dev Lang Impair. 2022 Jun 5;7:23969415221105472. (PMID: 36382068)
Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Dec;59:234-254. (PMID: 27643571)
J Biomed Inform. 2023 Apr;140:104336. (PMID: 36958461)
J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Jun;53(6):2458-2474. (PMID: 35355175)
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2023 Mar;130(3):433-457. (PMID: 36922431)
J Autism Dev Disord. 2020 Jan;50(1):319-332. (PMID: 31625011)
PLoS One. 2020 Mar 6;15(3):e0229985. (PMID: 32142537)
Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2014 May 1;8(5):589-596. (PMID: 24748899)
Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2022 Sep;57(5):948-962. (PMID: 35555933)
Front Psychol. 2021 Jul 19;12:646849. (PMID: 34354627)
Grant Information: 2020/39/D/HS6/00809 Narodowe Centrum Nauki; 501-D125-01-1250000 zlec.5011000231, 5011000228 Uniwersytet Warszawski
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Autism; Computational models; Narrative abilities; Natural language processing; Pragmatic language; Sentiment
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20240727 Date Completed: 20260902 Latest Revision: 20260905
Update Code: 20260905
PubMed Central ID: PMC13538177
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06482-4
PMID: 39066968
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s10803-024-06482-4
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  Data: Analysis of Autistic Adolescents&#39; Essays Using Computer Techniques.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Chojnicka+I%22&quot;&gt;Chojnicka I&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Stawki 5/7, Warsaw, 00-183, Poland. izabela.chojnicka@psych.uw.edu.pl.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Wawer+A%22&quot;&gt;Wawer A&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, 01- 248, Poland.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%227904301%22&quot;&gt;Journal of autism and developmental disorders&lt;/searchLink&gt; [J Autism Dev Disord] 2026 Oct; Vol. 56 (10), pp. 4183-4189. &lt;i&gt;Date of Electronic Publication: &lt;/i&gt;2024 Jul 27.
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Publisher: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PB&quot; term=&quot;%22Springer%22&quot;&gt;Springer &lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;i&gt;Country of Publication: &lt;/i&gt;United States &lt;i&gt;NLM ID: &lt;/i&gt;7904301 &lt;i&gt;Publication Model: &lt;/i&gt;Print-Electronic &lt;i&gt;Cited Medium: &lt;/i&gt;Internet &lt;i&gt;ISSN: &lt;/i&gt;1573-3432 (Electronic) &lt;i&gt;Linking ISSN: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;IS&quot; term=&quot;%2201623257%22&quot;&gt;01623257 &lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;i&gt;NLM ISO Abbreviation: &lt;/i&gt;J Autism Dev Disord &lt;i&gt;Subsets: &lt;/i&gt;MEDLINE
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Publication&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;2006- &gt;: New York, NY : Springer&lt;br /&gt;&lt;i&gt;Original Publication&lt;/i&gt;: New York, Plenum Press.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Autistic+Disorder%22&quot;&gt;Autistic Disorder*&lt;/searchLink&gt;/&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Autistic+Disorder+psychology%22&quot;&gt;psychology&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Narration%22&quot;&gt;Narration*&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Writing%22&quot;&gt;Writing*&lt;/searchLink&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MM&quot; term=&quot;%22Natural+Language+Processing%22&quot;&gt;Natural Language Processing*&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Humans%22&quot;&gt;Humans&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Adolescent%22&quot;&gt;Adolescent&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Female%22&quot;&gt;Female&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Male%22&quot;&gt;Male&lt;/searchLink&gt; ; &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;MH&quot; term=&quot;%22Comprehension%22&quot;&gt;Comprehension&lt;/searchLink&gt;
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Purpose: Challenges associated with narrative discourse remain consistently observable across the entire spectrum of autism. We analyzed written narratives by autistic and non-autistic adolescents and aimed to investigate narrative writing using quantitative computational methods.&lt;br /&gt;Methods: We employed Natural Language Processing techniques to compare 333 essays from students in the final eighth grade of primary school: 195 written by autistic and 138 by non-autistic participants.&lt;br /&gt;Results: Autistic students used words with a positive emotional polarity statistically less frequently (p &amp;lt; .001), and their stories were less abstract (p &amp;lt; .001) than those written by peers from the non-autistic group. However, autistic adolescents wrote more complex stories in terms of readability than participants from the non-autistic group (p &amp;lt; .001). The writing competencies assessed by teachers did not differ significantly between the two groups.&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: Findings suggest that written narratives by autistic individuals may exhibit characteristics similar to those detected by computational methods in spoken narratives. Collecting data from national exams and its potential usefulness in distinguishing autistic individuals could pave the way for future large-scale and cost-effective epidemiological studies on autism.&lt;br /&gt; (&#169; 2024. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethical Approval: The project received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw. In accordance with local regulations, obtaining written consent regarding anonymized data was not required, so written consent was not sought. The collected data was only analyzed collectively. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest relevant to the content of this article.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Mar;48(3):868-882. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2229164435%22&quot;&gt;29164435)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cardiol J. 2021;28(4):627-631. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2233140389%22&quot;&gt;33140389)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Oct;53(10):3901-3915. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2235927514%22&quot;&gt;35927514)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Int J Psychol. 2011 Oct;46(5):321-45. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2222044305%22&quot;&gt;22044305)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Autism Dev Lang Impair. 2022 Jun 5;7:23969415221105472. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2236382068%22&quot;&gt;36382068)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Res Dev Disabil. 2016 Dec;59:234-254. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2227643571%22&quot;&gt;27643571)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Biomed Inform. 2023 Apr;140:104336. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2236958461%22&quot;&gt;36958461)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Autism Dev Disord. 2023 Jun;53(6):2458-2474. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2235355175%22&quot;&gt;35355175)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2023 Mar;130(3):433-457. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2236922431%22&quot;&gt;36922431)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;J Autism Dev Disord. 2020 Jan;50(1):319-332. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2231625011%22&quot;&gt;31625011)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;PLoS One. 2020 Mar 6;15(3):e0229985. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2232142537%22&quot;&gt;32142537)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2014 May 1;8(5):589-596. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2224748899%22&quot;&gt;24748899)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Int J Lang Commun Disord. 2022 Sep;57(5):948-962. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2235555933%22&quot;&gt;35555933)&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Front Psychol. 2021 Jul 19;12:646849. (PMID: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;PM&quot; term=&quot;%2234354627%22&quot;&gt;34354627)&lt;/searchLink&gt;
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  Data: 2020/39/D/HS6/00809 Narodowe Centrum Nauki; 501-D125-01-1250000 zlec.5011000231, 5011000228 Uniwersytet Warszawski
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